Jeremy Scahill - Dirty Wars

393 “agreement for unification”:Text of agreement, “Somali Website Publishes Islamists’ Agreement to Unite with al-Qaidah,” Biyokulule Online, February 2, 2010, www.biyokulule.com/view_content.php?arti-cleid=2511.

393 “United States has launched air strikes”:Committee on Foreign Relations, “Al Qaeda in Yemen and Somalia: A Ticking Time Bomb,” S. Prt. 111-40, p. 16 (2010).

394 reaching an agreement:“Somalia: Islamist MP Resigns After ‘Cheating’ Ethiopia Jail,” Garowe Online, April 4, 2009.

394 As he tells it:Author interview, Sheikh Ahmed “Madobe” Mohammed Islam, June 2011. All statements and information attributed to Madobe come from the author’s interview, unless otherwise noted.

394 Madobe announced:Radio Shabelle, “Hizbul Islam Declare War on Al-Shabab in Southern Somalia,” Mareeg, February 28, 2010, www.mareeg.com/fidsan.php?sid=15312&tirsan=3. Fighting between Madobe’s forces and al Shabab had been going on for weeks at this point.

394 “most important source of income”:Matt Bryden, Jörg Roofthooft, Ghassan Schbley, Babatunde Taiwo, “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010),” UN Security Council, July 18, 2011, p. 28.

394 “training and support”:Paul Cruickshank, “Kenya’s High Stakes Shabaab Offensive,” Security Clearance (blog), CNN.com, October 24, 2011, http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/24/kenya’s-high-stakes-shabaab-offensive/.

395 Ethiopian Village restaurant:Josh Kron, “Bombers Kill More Than Fifty in Attacks in Uganda Capital,” New York Times, July 11, 2010.

395 halftime:Xan Rice, “Uganda Bomb Blasts Kill at Least Seventy-Four,” Guardian, July 12, 2010.

395 ninetieth minute:“Somali Militants Claim Responsibility for Uganda Bombings,” CNN.com, July 12, 2010.

395 Kyadondo Rugby Club:Vision reporter, “Over Forty Die in Kampala Bomb Blasts,” New Vision (Kampala), July 12, 2010.

395 severed head:Haggae Matsiko, “Uganda: An Unexploded Suicide Vest Found in Makindye, Kampala,” Independent (Kampala), July 13, 2010.

395 “very happy”:“‘Somali Link’ as Seventy-four World Cup Fans Die in Uganda Blasts,” BBC.co.uk, July 12, 2010.

395 “We will carry out attacks”:Xan Rice, “Somali Militants Say They Carried Out Deadly Uganda World Cup Blasts,” Guardian, July 12, 2010.

395 “We thank the mujahideens”:“Al-Shabab Claims Uganda Bombings; Twin Attacks Targeting World Cup Fans in Kampala Kill at Least Seventy-four People,” AlJazeera.com, July 13, 2010.

396 terrorism capital:“Somalia Tops Terror Attack List,” UPI, November 18, 2010.

396 “national emergency”:Executive Order 13536 (April 12, 2010).

396 “These indictments and arrests”:Attorney General Eric Holder, remarks as prepared for delivery at press conference, Washington, DC, August 5, 2010.

396 “most significant military campaign”:Bryden et al., “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010),” p. 17.

396 “massive war”:Associated Press, “Militants Slaughter Lawmakers at Somali Hotel,” MSNBC.com, August 24, 2010.

397 laid siege to the Muna Hotel:Bryden et al., “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010),” p. 17.

397 tied the remains:Mohamed Olad Hassan and Malkhadir M. Muhumed (AP), “Somalia Suicide Bomber, Gunmen Attack Muna Hotel, Thirty-two Killed,” Huffington Post, August 24, 2010.

397 “This is a particularly outrageous act”:Transcript, Press briefing by Deputy Press Secretary Bill Burton and Assistant to the President for Counterterrorism and Homeland Security John Brennan,” Vineyard Haven, MA, August 24, 2010.

397 dual car bombing:Bryden et al., “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010),” p. 18.

397 week of intense violence:Abdi Sheikh, “Somalia’s al Shabaab Rebels Push Towards Palace,” Reuters, August 25, 2010.

397 deadly roadside bomb:Mohamed Ibrahim, “Somalia: Roadside Bomb Kills Eight Civilians,” New York Times, August 31, 2010.

397 displaced by the fighting:The Editors, “Quick Take: Map of al Shabaab’s Mogadishu Offensive,” Critical Threats, September 23, 2010, www.criticalthreats.org/somalia/quicktake-map-al-shabaabs-mogadishu-offensive.

397 “overdependence of [al Shabab] on child soldiers”:Bryden et al., “Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1916 (2010),” p. 18.

398 convicted of terrorism-related charges:Iona Craig, “Obama Intervention Puts Yemen Reporter in Jail,” Index on Censorship, February 7, 2011.

398 “failed to meet international standards”:Human Rights Watch, World Report 2011, “Yemen,” www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-yemen.

398 “It has no legal basis”:Author interview, Abdulrahman Barman, January 2012. All statements and information attributed to Abdulrahman Barman come from the author’s interview, unless otherwise noted.

398 “Having witnessed his trial”:Author interview, Iona Craig, March 2012. All statements and information attributed to Iona Craig come from the author’s interview, unless otherwise noted.

398 “There are strong indications”:“Yemeni Journalist Jailed After Alleging US Involvement in Missile Attack,” Amnesty International, January 19, 2011, www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/yemeni-journalist-jailed-after-alleging-us-involvement-missile-attack-2011-01-19.

398 “It is difficult to overestimate”:Author interview, Gregory Johnsen, March 2012. All statements and information attributed to Gregory Johnsen come from the author’s interview, unless otherwise noted.

399 call from President Obama:“Readout of the President’s Call with President Saleh of Yemen,” The White House, February 3, 2011.

399 brief hunger strike:Iona Craig, “Yemen: Shaye Commences Hunger Strike,” Index on Censorship, February 14, 2012.

399 “We remain concerned”:Author interview, Beth Gosselin, March 2012.

400 “Shaye is in jail”:Iona Craig, “US Has ‘Direct Interest’ in Shaye’s Case,” Iona Craig’s Blog, February 21, 2012, http://ionacraig.tumblr.com/post/17969745744/us-ambassador-response-to-shaye-imprisonment.

400 “the threat is constant”:Eric Holder, interview with Pierre Thomas, Good Morning America, ABC, December 21, 2010.

401 “Even if what [Awlaki] is saying”:Author interview, Pardiss Kebriaei, March 2012.

401 “definitely has a missile in his future”:Author interview, Malcolm Nance, May 2011.

401 in missions to kill or capture”:Duncan Gardham and Richard Spencer, “Cargo Bomb Plot: SAS Hunting al-Qaeda in Yemen,” Telegraph, November 2, 2010.