Jeremy Scahill - Dirty Wars

272 “just a failed state”:Hillary Clinton during confirmation hearing, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, January 13, 2009, transcript by CQ Transcriptions, released via NYTimes.com, www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/us/politics/13text-clinton.html?pagewanted=1&r=0.

272 arms shipments:Marina Litvinsky and Jim Lobe, “Somalia: U.S. Confirms Arms Shipments to Bolster Besieged Gov’t,” Inter Press Service News Agency, June 25, 2009.

272 better paid:Roland Marchal, “The Rise of a Jihadi Movement in a Country at War; Harakat Al-Shabaab al Mujaheddin in Somalia,” National Centre for Scientific Research, March 2011, p. 8. Al Shabab reportedly paid its recruits’ salaries far more regularly than other Somali actors, including the government, although the stated salaries themselves could be comparably modest.

272 double-suicide attacks:Edmund Sanders, “Eleven African Soldiers Killed in Somalia,” Los Angeles Times , February 23, 2009.

272 “unprecedented level”:“Somali Militants Kill Eleven Burundian Soldiers in Mogadishu,” Pana Press , February 23, 2009.

273 “heaviest of its kind”:Mohamed Ibrahim, “Fighting in Somalia Kills at Least Fifteen,” New York Times , February 24, 2009.

273 “walking slowly”:Greg Jaffe and Karen DeYoung, “Obama Team Mulls Aims of Somali Extremists,” Washington Post, April 11, 2009.

273 at least twenty cases:Andrea Elliott, “A Call to Jihad, Answered in America,” New York Times, July 11, 2009.

273 cracked down substantially:Maalik Eng, “Somalia Piracy Falls to Six-Year Low as Guards Defend Ships,” Shabelle Media Network, October 22, 2012.

273 for-profit fishery:Johan Peleman, Edward Howard Johns, Pavanjeet Singh Sandhu, and John Tambi, “Report of the Panel of Experts on Somalia Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1474 (2003),” UN Security Council, November 4, 2003, p. 32.

273 illegal waste dumping:“Report of the Secretary-General on the Protection of Somali Natural Resources and Waters,” United Nations Security Council, October 25, 2011, pp. 12–13.

273 Somali coastguard:Najad Abdullahi, “‘Toxic Waste’ Behind Somali Piracy,” AlJazeera.com, October 11, 2008.

274 counter-piracy training:“American Crew Regains Control of Hijacked Ship, One Pirate in Custody,” FoxNews.com, April 8, 2009.

274 a secured safe room:Chip Cummins and Sarah Childress, “On the Maersk: ‘I Hope if I Die, I Die a Brave Person,’” Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2009.

274 maneuvered the Alabama ’s rudders:“Crewman’s E-mail Gives Harrowing Details of Hijacking,” CNN.com, April 20, 2009.

274 FV Win Far 161 :Jay Bahadur, The Pirates of Somalia: Inside Their Hidden World (New York: Pantheon Books, 2011, Kindle edition).

274 US Defense Department contractor:Mark Mazzetti and Sharon Otterman, “U.S. Captain Is Hostage of Pirates; Navy Ship Arrives,” New York Times, April 8, 2009.

274 since the early 1800s:James Bone, “Maersk Alabama Crew Return to US to Tell of Somali Pirate Ordeal,” Times Online (London), April 18, 2009.

274 deployment of a destroyer:Mazzetti and Otterman, “U.S. Captain Is Hostage of Pirates.”

274 taken hostage:Ibid.

274 Two other ships:“More Pirates Searching for Lifeboat, Official Says,” CNN.com, April 10, 2009.

274 “virtually immediately”:Scott Wilson, Ann Scott Tyson, and Stephanie McCrummen, “‘Three Rounds, Three Dead Bodies’; Precision Volley by Navy SEALs Ended a Five-Day Ordeal for an American Seaman, but Piracy Off Somalia Continues,” Washington Post, April 14, 2009.

274 first authorization:Transcript, Larry King Live, CNN, April 12, 2009.

274 tried to escape:Wilson, Tyson, and McCrummen, “‘Three Rounds, Three Dead Bodies.’”

274 threw into the ocean:Mark Owen, with Kevin Maurer, No Easy Day: The Firsthand Account of the Mission That Killed Osama Bin Laden (New York: Dutton, 2012), p. 94.

275 second authorization:Transcript, Larry King Live, CNN, April 12, 2009.

275 “the first time I know of”:Author interview, Marc Ambinder, December 2010. All quotations of Marc Ambinder come from the author’s interview.

275 deploy to the Horn of Africa:Owen, No Easy Day, p. 89.

275 based at Manda Bay:Marc Ambinder, “Obama Gives Commanders Wide Berth for Secret Warfare,” TheAtlantic.com, May 25, 2010.

275 “They’re deadly accurate”:Author interview, General Hugh Shelton, March 2011.

275 Three shots:Wilson, Tyson, and McCrummen, “‘Three Rounds, Three Dead Bodies,’”

276 publicly used the name:Marc Ambinder, “SEAL Team Six v. the Pirates,” theAtlantic.com, April 12, 2009. The White House provided a backgrounder to journalists, which stated that President Obama called military officials after the operation, including “Vice Admiral William McRaven, Commander Joint Special Operations Command.”

276 “The President personally invited”:Author interview, Special Operations source, August 2010.

277 bold attack:Alex Perry, “Behind the Suicide Bombing in Somalia,” Time , June 19, 2009.

277 Mogadishu’s police chief:Associated Press, “Somali Police Chief Among Seventeen Dead in Clashes,” MSNBC.com, June 17, 2009.

277 few hundred yards:Jeffrey Gettleman, “In Somalia, a Leader Is Raising Hopes for Stability,” New York Times, September 16, 2009.

277 “weakened by the rebel forces”:Al Arabiya/Agencies, “Somalia Seeks Foreign Military Aid amid Crisis,” AlArabiya.net, June 20, 2009.

277 shipment of forty tons:Mary Beth Sheridan, “U.S. Has Sent Forty Tons of Munitions to Aid Somali Government,” Washington Post , June 27, 2009.

277 “best hope we’ve had”:Transcript, “Remarks with Somali Transitional Federal Government President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed,” August 6, 2009.

277 “a number of actions and initiatives”:John O. Brennan, “A New Approach to Safeguarding Americans,” prepared remarks, Center for Strategic and International Studies, August 6, 2009, www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-john-brennan-center-strategic-and-international-studies.

278 received a phone call:“Saudi Prince Spoke to Bomber on Phone Before Attack,” Reuters, September 2, 2009.

278 fled the kingdom:Al Arabiya/Reuters, “Qaeda Names Man Who Tried to Kill Saudi Prince,” AlArabiya.net, August 30, 2009.

278 recruited:Abdullah Al-Oreifij (Saudi Gazette), “Saudi Interior Ministry Names Suicide Bomber in Attack on Prince,” BBC Monitoring International Reports, August 31, 2009.

278 “I need to meet”:“Saudi Prince Spoke to Bomber on Phone Before Attack.”

278 pick him up:Al Arabiya/Reuters, “Qaeda Names Man.”

278 “Asiri said”:Richard Barrett, “Al-Qaida and Taliban Status Check: A Resurgent Threat?” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 29, 2009, transcript by Federal News Service, www.teachingterror.net/resources/AQ%20Status%20check.pdf. All quotations and information attributed to Barrett come from these remarks.