Robert Kaplan - Surrender or Starve

Bennett, Jon. June 17, 1983. The New Statesmen, “Beyond Banditry.”

Blundy, David. November 3, 1985. The Sunday Times, “Cover-Up.”

Brittain, Victoria. June 13, 1986. The Guardian, “Sudan’s Hidden War Escalates as Ugandans Join the Fray.”

Brooke, James. February 24, 1987. International Herald Tribune (New York Times Service), “Marxist Constitution Takes Effect in Ethiopia.”

Brooke, James. March 13, 1987. International Herald Tribune (New York Times Service), “As Ethiopia’s Famine Threat Subsides, Western Aid Efforts Shift to Development.”

Dines, Mary. (1983). Index on Censorship, no. 5 “The Cancer of Religion: Ethiopia.”

Eshete, Aleme. October 20, 1986. Sudan Times, “Betrayal of the Revolution.”

Girardet, Edward. July 8, 1985. The Christian Science Monitor, “Meet the Pagoulatoses and Their Hotel, the Place to Stay in Khartoum.”

Harden, Blaine. December 18, 1985. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Ethiopian Drive to Villagize Is Forcing Millions to Relocate.”

Harden, Blaine. March 11, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Resettlement Means Death for Thousands in Ethiopia.”

Harden, Blaine. March 29–30, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Ethiopian Rebels Kill 2 in U.S. Aid Program.”

Harden, Blaine. August 29, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Hunger Is a Weapon in Sudan’s Civil War.”

Harden, Blaine. September 10, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Civil War in Sudan Changes Lifestyle of Nomads.”

Harden, Blaine. September 19, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “Sudan Rebel Leader ‘Not Repentant’ Despite Famine, Downing of Aircraft.”

Harrison, Charles. August 28, 1986. The Times, “Ugandans Hold Up Sudan Aid.”

Hatch, Orrin. April 4, 1986. The Wall Street Journal, “Keep Ethiopia Part of the Reagan Doctrine.”

Henze, Paul B. (Winter 1985/86). The National Interest, no. 2 “The Dilemmas of the Horn.”

Hertzog, Gilles. October 3, 1986. L’Express, “Le scandale de l’aide.”

Hirst, David. February 19, 1985. The Guardian, “How the Eritreans Achieved Sex Equality Under Fire.”

Hoben, Allen. January 21, 1985. The New Republic, “The Origins of Famine.”

Johnson, Paul. January 21, 1985. The New Republic, “How Tyrannies Flourish.”

Kaplan, Robert D. January 21 1985. The New Republic, “Ethiopian Exodus.”

Kaplan, Robert D. May 14, 1985. The Wall Street Journal/Europe, “How to Make Col. Mengistu Cry ‘Uncle’ in Eritrea.”

Kaplan, Robert D. July 17, 1985. The Wall Street Journal/Europe, “Ethiopian Regime Bites the Hand Feeding Its People.”

Kaplan, Robert D. October 1, 1985. The Wall Street Journal/Europe, “Ethiopia: Africa’s Killing Fields.”

Kaplan, Robert D. (April 1986). The Atlantic Monthly “Sudan: A Microcosm of Africa’s Ills.”

Kaplan, Robert D. April 15, 1986. The Wall Street Journal, “The Battle for North Yemen.”

Kaplan, Robert D. (June 1986). The American Spectator “Behind Ethiopia’s Hunger.”

Kaplan, Robert D. October 29, 1986. Wall Street Journal/Europe, “Why Sudan Starves on Western Aid.”

Kaplan, Robert D. (April 1987). (Book Review). The American Spectator “The Harvest of Sorrow by Robert Conquest”

Kaplan, Robert D. July 6, 1987. The New Republic, “Out of Africa.”

Keating, Robert. (July 1986). Spin “Live Aid: The Terrible Truth.”

Keating, Robert. (September 1986). Spin “Sympathy for the Devil.”

Legum, Colin. May 20, 1986. International Herald Tribune, “Ethiopia: A Regime of Torture.”

Matthews, Christopher J. January 21, 1985. The New Republic, “The Road to Korem.”

May, Clifford D. September 29, 1985. The New York Times, “War Rivals Drought in Africa’s Hunger Crisis.”

Merritt, Giles. October 1985 International Herald Tribune, “Americans May be Hooked on Africa.”

Owen, Richard. July 23,1985. The Times, “No Roubles in the Live Aid Fund.”

Puddington, Arch. (April 1986). Commentary “Ethiopia: The Communist Uses of Famine.”

Randal, Jonathan C. Summer 1985. The Manchester Guardian (Washington Post Service), “Relief Effort Grinds to a Halt on Sudan Railways.”

Randal, Jonathan C. July 1, 1986. International Herald Tribune (Washington Post Service), “War in Southern Sudan Heightens Food Crisis, Hampers Relief Effort.”

Revzin, Philip. May 26, 1986. The Wall Street Journal/Europe, “With Famine Easing, Many Ethiopians Flee Collectivizing Farms.”

Rogg, Margaret L. August 18, 1986. International Herald Tribune (New York Times Service), “Sudan Says Rebels Downed Civilian Plane Carrying 60.”

Rule, Shelia. June 22, 1986. The New York Times, “For Ethiopia, New Villages, New Concern.”

Rule, Shelia. July 12, 1986. The New York Times, “To Ethiopians Who Flee, Somalis Offer Squalor.”

Shepherd, Jack. 14 (1985). Issue “Ethiopia: The Use of Food as an Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy.”

Suau, Anthony. (September 1985). National Geographic “Eritrea: Region in Rebellion.”

Tucker, Jonathan B. January 19, 1985. The Nation, “The Politics of Famine in Ethiopia.”

Tyler, Patrick E., and Ottaway, David B. April 25, 1986. The Washington Post, “Ethiopian Security Police Seized, Tortured CIA Agent.”

Vallely, Paul. June 4, 1985. The Times, “Famine: Russia and U.S. on Collusion Course.”

Vallely, Paul. July 26, 1985. The Times, “Riding the Lifeline Lorry.”

TheWall Street Journal/Europe. January 29, 1986. (Editorial), “Today’s Holocaust”

Wieseltier, Leon. February 11, 1985. The New Republic, “Brothers and Keepers.”

Wilde, James; Desmond, Edward W.; and Russell, George. January 21, 1985. Time, “Flight from Fear.”

Wilde, James, and Greenwald, John. August 4, 1986. Time, “Red Star over the Horn of Africa.”

Wilde, James, and Muller, Henry. August 4, 1986. Time, “‘To Free Ourselves from Backwardness,’ Iron-willed and Icy, Mengistu Haile Mariam Defends His Policies.”

Wilkinson, Ray, and Deming, Angus. May 5, 1986. Newsweek, “Master Plan—Misery.”

Willis, David K. July 20–26, 1985. The Christian Science Monitor, “U.S. Set to Send Food to Rebel-held Provinces.”

Robert D. Kaplanis a correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly and the bestselling author of many previous books on foreign affairs and travel, including Balkan Ghosts, The Ends of the Earth, The Coming Anarchy, and Eastward to Tartary . He lives with his wife and son in western Massachusetts.

Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos

Eastward to Tartary: Travels in the Balkans, the Middle East, and the Caucasus

The Coming Anarchy: Shattering the Dreams of the Post Cold War

An Empire Wilderness: Travels into America’s Future

The Ends of the Earth: From Togo to Turkmenistan, from Iran to Cambodia, a Journey to the Frontiers of Anarchy

The Arabists: The Romance of an American Elite

Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History

Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Copyright © 1988, 2003 by Robert D. Kaplan

Vintage and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.

Portions of the author’s material previously published in The New Republic, The Atlantic, The American Spectator, and The Wall Street Journal have been incorporated into this book with the kind permission of the publishers.