Eric Schlosser - Fast Food Nation

During the writing of this book, my family was often subjected to highly unpleasant details. Lynn and Craig, James and Kyle, Amy and Mark, Andrew, Austin, Hillary, Dylan, Lena, Billy, and George have put up with a lot. I am lucky they will still share a meal with me. My children, Mica and Conor, have put up with even more, and I apologize to them for all the Happy Meals they’ve been denied. I’m deeply grateful to Bob and Lola, who showed great patience and gave tremendous support as I tried to find my way as a writer. I’m deeply grateful to my parents, who have given me more love and support than could ever be measured. Most of all, I’m grateful to my wife, Shauna. Without her, none of these words would have been written.

Acheson, David, 221

Acree, Terry, 126

Acuff, Dan S., 45

Adams, Richard, 100

Advertising: awards for, 87; for children, 40–49, 231, 243, 262, 267; of cigarettes, 262; McDonald’s spending on, 4; in public schools, 51–57; and television, 45–46

Advertising Age , 241

African-Americans, 156, 251, 268

AIDS, 196

Air Defense Command, U.S., 62

Air Force, U.S., 243

Air Force Academy, 62

Air Force Space Command, 1, 62

Alabama, 16

Alger, Horatio, 13

Alice in Wonderland , 40

Alka-Seltzer, 41

“Alliance for Workplace Safety,” 85

Amalgamated Butcher Workmen, 151

Ament, Don, 42

American Academy of Pediatrics, 46, 262

American Cancer Society, 242–43

American Coal Foundation, 55

American Food Service Corporation, 209

American Franchise Association, 99

Americanization of the world, 239–40, 244

American Meat Institute, 206, 207

American Medical Association, 217

American School Food Service Association, 56

Amputations, 185

Anaheim, Calif., 13–14, 26, 28

Anderson, A. D., 153, 154, 164

Andreas, Michael, 143

Antibiotics, 200, 221

Applebee’s, 92

Arab oil embargo, 24

Archer Daniels Midland, 143

Arkansas Democrat-Gazette , 141

Arkansas Department of Health, 214, 318n

Armour, 137, 159, 306n

Armour, J. Ogden, 205

Armstrong Bakery, 15, 18

Army, U.S., 155, 217, 276n

Arndt, Diane, 180–81

ARPANET, 260

Artificial flavors, 120, 124–27

Assembly lines, 20, 69. See also Disassembly lines

Association of National Advertisers, 46

Astro World, 42

Athens, 244

Athlete’s Foot, 78

Augie’s, 98

Aunt Jemima, 36

Australia, 230, 231, 276n

Autoimmune disorders, 195

Automated Meat Recovery Systems, 218

Automobile industry, 13, 15–16, 17, 36

Autry, Gene, 25

Awards for employees, 88

Ayala, Joacquin, 234

BabyGap, 97

Bac-O-Bits, 124

Banana Republic, 5

Barber, Benjamin R., 229

Barney, 45

Barone, Ben, 178

Baskin Robbins, 86

Bass brothers, 138

Bates, Timothy, 98

Bauer, Frank, 219

Bauer Meat Company, 219

Bean, Morey, 259

Beard, James, 120

Beef Industry Food Safety Council, 217

Beefmaster (breed of cattle), 256

Beef Trust, 137, 152–53, 205, 255

Beijing, 230, 231, 243

Beijing University, 243

Belgium, 243, 244

Bell, Glen W., Jr., 22

Bellenger, Cass, 185

Bennett, William, 105

Bennigan’s, 88

Berlin, 225

Bernard, Dr. Neal D., 202

Beverage Industry , 54

Biela, Tim, 209

Biff-Burgers, 24

Bigari, Steve, 66

Birdseye, Clarence, 113

Bjerklie, Steven P., 202, 218, 310n

Black Hawks, 93

BMI. See Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body Mass Index (BMI), 240

Boeing, 19

Book It! Program, 55–56

Boone, Pat, 25

Bove, Jose, 244

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), 202

Boyle, J. Patrick, 207

Bozos Circus , 41

Brands, 4, 43, 229

Brandweek, 4, 229

Brazil, 230,244

Brewer, Dave, 71

Brinker, Norman, 88

Britain. See United Kingdom

Broken Heartland (Davidson), 147

Brothers, Joyce, 105

Bruce, Douglas, 64

BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), 202

Buck’s Pizza, 98

Buddy’s Bar-B-Q, 98

Budweiser, 43

Bugsy Malone , 68

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 172, 180

Burger Fries, 130

Burger King: advertising to children, 51, 231; and Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, 2; and crime, 85, 86; deliberate food contamination at, 222; and flavor additives, 125–26, 128; franchises for, 98; and french fries, 117; history of, 24; and Hudson Foods, 194; and impulsive buying, 66; at industry top, 27; as international, 229; Kids Club, 45; labor practices, 69–72, 82; and Nickelodeon, 48; and obedience, 75; and overtime wages, 74; playgrounds at, 47; portion sizes at, 241; profit margins of soda, 286n; and restaurant technology, 71; and Teletubbies, 48; and throughput, 69; training manual of, 70; and Uniform Commercial Code, 101. See also Insta-Burger King

Burns, Matthew, 22

Bush, Barbara, 104, 106

Bush, George, 105, 206

Bush Boake Allen, 121

Bushey, John, 57

Business Insurance , 160

Butchers, 154

Cabbage Patch Kids, 47

Cadbury-Schweppes, 53

Caffeine, 54

California: citrus production in, 13–14; drive-in restaurants in, 17; fast food industry development in, 19–21; Hell’s Angels in, 21; migrant workers in, 161–62; population growth in, 15–16; resident migration from, to Colorado Springs, 61–65; and World War II, 18. See also specific cities

Callicrate, Mike, 143–44

Cameron, Mike, 55

Campbell, William J., 17

Camp Carson, 61

Campylobacter jejuni , 196, 202–3

Canada, 77, 117, 230

Cappelli, Mike, 77

Cappelli, Tom, 77

Captain D’s, 86

Cargill, 8, 230

Carhops, 17, 18, 24

Carlin, George, 234

Carlini, Trent, 234

Carl Karcher Enterprises, Inc. (CKE), 25–28

Carl’s Drive-in Barbeque, 18–19

Carl’s Jr. restaurants: competition of, 24; creation of, 21–22; franchises for, 25, 98; and growth, 267; interstate expansion of, 25, 78; portion sizes at, 241

Carnation Milk Company, 35

Carpal tunnel syndrome, 187

Carriba’s, 78

Carter, Jimmy, 208

Cartoon Network, 46

Cassidy, David, 234

Catfish industry, 159

Cattle industry: and beef consumption, 142, 277n; and Beef Trust, 137; breeds of cattle, 255–56; and captive supplies, 138, 142–43; chicken manure as cattle feed, 202–3; and disease, 201–4, 257; economic problems in, 136–38, 142–43, 144–47; and environmentalism, 133–35; and European exports, 142; and fast food industry, 8–9; and hormones, 263; intimidation by meatpacking industry, 143–44; and land trusts, 145; “mad cow disease,” 202; secret pricing in, 143; suicide rates in, 146. See also Meatpacking industry

Cattle King Packing Company, 218–19

CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Census Bureau, 306n

Center for Public Integrity, 210

Center for Science in the Public Interest, 54

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 195, 222, 240

Chain, Steve, 276n

Chain Operators Exchange (COEX), 236–39, 290n

Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 185

Chandler, Alfred D., 68–69

Chemical Market Reporter , 124

Cheskin, Louis, 97–98

Chevy’s, 73

Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, 1–2, 7, 275n

Chicago, 16, 152–53, 155–57

Chicago Historical Society, 306n

Chicago Tribune , 179

Chicken industry. See Poultry industry

Chicken manure, 202–3

Chicken McNuggets, 139–40, 301n