Roberto Saviano - ZeroZeroZero

economic influence of, 119, 126, 128, 129–32, 142–43, 210–40, 247–49

effects and usage of, 1–4, 13, 35–36, 46, 112–24, 158

entrepreneurship in, 210–40

European market for, 180, 186, 209, 218, 231, 254, 290, 291, 292, 298, 302, 306–8, 314–25

freebase, 113, 120

front operations for, 129–30, 236–37, 251–53, 276–78

grades of, 112–14, 117–18, 207–9, 235, 378

health effects of, 119–22

heroin and, 213, 215–16, 221

international markets for, 210–40

legalization of, 376–77

liquid, 311, 313, 325, 336

mafia control of, 115–16, 119, 211, 217, 219, 220, 230, 236, 239, 247, 308

media coverage of, 60, 163–64, 221, 226, 238

merchandise used for, 180–81, 310–11, 327–36

money laundering for, 192–200, 222–26, 236–37, 241–57

“mules” used for, 202, 315–25, 346

overland transportation of, 21–22, 44, 52–53, 59, 61, 63, 120, 127

police operations for, 53, 60, 115–16, 208, 219–36; see also specific operations

political aspect of, 130, 154–57, 212

price of, 20, 21–22, 30–33, 118–19, 182, 197–98, 218, 314

production of, 75–76, 112–14, 125–27, 129, 157, 207–9

profits from, 44–45, 73–77, 118–19, 123–24, 127, 160, 182–83, 216–17, 292

purity of, 207–9, 235, 378

refineries for, 188, 198, 215–16, 227–28

seizure of, 64–65, 89, 119, 178–82, 192, 197–99, 207, 213, 218, 222, 233–36, 245, 289, 291, 307–9, 325–36, 343–47, 377

shipments of, 180–81, 222, 230–36, 279–81, 288–311, 318, 329–30

shooting up and snorting of, 113, 120

social impact of, 105–11

statistics on, 207–9, 314–15

in suitcases, 310, 319–20, 329

“targets” for, 114–17, 123–24

trafficking in, 19–21, 34, 37–43, 73–77, 80, 89, 127, 146–52, 160–62, 207–40, 371–78

tunnels used for, 40, 43, 127

U.S. market for, 34, 38–39, 51–53, 59, 73–77, 127, 289

white gold, 378

Cocaine Cowboys War, 360–61

cocaine hydrochloride, 75

cocaine paste, 126

cocaine sulfate, 75

cocoa, 333–34

coca leaves, 75–76, 113–14, 126, 227–28, 304–5

Colas, Stéphane, 300

Colombia:

armed forces of, 155–57, 166

banking in, 248–49

cartels in, 20–23, 33, 114, 127–29, 149–66, 186, 218, 255, 286, 293, 302–6, 357–66; see also specific cartels

cocaine trafficking in, 125–30, 142–49, 174, 291, 294–96

coca plantations in, 135, 188, 198

constitution of, 148, 151, 153, 165

demilitarized zone in, 155–56

disappearances in, 159–60

drug enforcement in, 154–66, 188–90

economy of, 128, 129–30

elections in, 154, 155–56

extraditions from, 148, 149, 151, 162–66, 221–22, 285

government of, 128, 131, 140–41, 151, 154–57, 163, 165, 166

guerrilla movements in, 132, 137–43, 152–57, 160–62, 176, 188, 189, 190

human rights violations in, 152–54, 163–64

informers in, 148–51, 157–66

Italian operations in, 131, 164, 170, 173–206, 213, 216–18, 222–23, 227–36, 247

kidnappings in, 143, 154–55, 160–62, 191, 201

Mexican operations in, 127–28, 129, 131, 152, 157, 158, 186

murders in, 144, 159–60, 165–66, 186, 191–92

narco-state of, 131, 132, 155–57, 158

paramilitary groups in, 136–42, 152–57, 160–66, 176, 184–88, 189, 190, 191–92

peasants in, 136–42, 152–54, 156

political situation in, 130, 151, 154–57, 166

torture in, 140, 160–62, 205

U.S. relations with, 127, 131, 148–49, 154–66, 189

violence in, 127, 130, 131, 140, 144, 152–66, 186, 189, 191–92, 205

see also specific cities and provinces

Colombiamoda, 159

Colombo family, 279

Coluccio family, 185

communism, 125, 132, 142, 152, 265, 266, 278, 282

concentration accounts, 256

Connoisseur (dealer), 117–24

Conrad, Joseph, 289

Conté, Ousmane, 321

Cooperativas de Vigilancia y Seguridad Privada (Special Vigilance and Private Security Services) (CONVIVIR), 141–42

Córdoba, Colombia, 136, 138, 141, 152

Coronel Villarreal, Ignacio (Nacho), 41, 53, 67, 363–64

Correa, Julio César (Julio Fierro), 145–52, 157–62

Correa Paris, Mariana, 151

Cosa Nostra, 167–68, 169, 170, 214, 233–34

Cosío Vidaurri Martínez, Sara Cristina, 31–32

cosmetic cuts, 118–19

Costa, Antonio Maria, 247

Costa Rica, 31–32, 335

Costilla Sánchez, Jorge Eduardo (El Coss), 60–61

Counter-Narcotics Group, Italian, 229–30, 234–35, 302

Counterterrorism Rapid Response units, 302

coyotes (human traffickers), 289

Credito Sammarinese Bank, 199

crematoriums, 160–61

Cristal Oro beer, 134, 148

Cruz Álvarez, Juan Alberto de la (El Juanillo), 61

Cuernavaca, Mexico, 49

Culiacán, Mexico, 39, 43, 48, 51, 53

Curaçao, 312, 313–14

Czech Republic, 272, 275–76, 277

Da Bruno restaurant massacre (2007), 168, 202

Dadeland Mall massacre (1979), 360–61

Daniel and Felipe (Colombian drug traffickers), 183–84, 190

Dakar, Senegal, 320–21

Dayton Accords (1995), 154

Del Ponte, Carla, 255, 257

De Pascale, Stefano (Lo Spaghetto), 227, 229

D’Ercole, Antonio, 299

Dereix Martínez, Martha, 137, 143, 164

Diano, Adriana, 215

Digep General Machine Works, 272

Dimitrova, Blaga, ix

DNA, 62, 98

“Doctor Travel,” 305–9

Domínguez Coello, Alejandro, 99–100

Donald Duck Snackbar, 312

Don Arturo (opium grower), 16–20, 28

dopamine, 36

Dormicum, 46

Drogas la Rebaja (Discount Drugs), 130

drug addiction, 63–64, 113, 117–22, 158

Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. (DEA), 24–34, 51–55, 61, 91–92, 148–52, 157–62, 178, 185–86, 198, 222, 223, 239, 245, 255, 280–81, 300, 321, 327, 359, 362

drug trafficking:

air transport in, 55, 190–91, 198, 202, 313

arrests and imprisonment for, 25, 31–34, 40–44, 47, 48, 53–61, 93, 97

author’s reporting on, 5–15, 78–90, 91, 168, 186–87, 240, 289–90, 310, 312–13, 337–42, 371–78

banks used by, 129, 222–26, 241, 247–52, 270–71, 274

bosses in, 5–15, 20–21, 25, 28–29, 34, 39–58, 93, 98–99, 168, 172–75

bribes and corruption by, 21, 22–23, 48, 60, 127, 221–22

cartels for, 20–21, 24, 27, 28, 29–31, 33, 34, 41–46, 49, 50–71, 89–90; see also specific cartels

children used by, 94, 96–97, 115, 127, 313, 352

competition in, 29–31, 34, 51, 57–60, 103, 125–27

dealers in, 25, 33, 112–24, 312

economic impact of, 28–29, 34, 51–52, 125–27

envy and fear in, 17–18, 28, 42–43, 47, 148, 183, 188, 196

extortion in, 64, 174, 263–66

front businesses for, 173–80, 192–93, 196–97

honor code in, 5–15, 68–69, 96–97, 200–201, 204, 264

informers in, 5–15, 19–34, 51, 59, 91–96, 131, 148–61, 213, 236

international operations of, 51–52, 377–78

kidnappings in, 66, 68, 99, 101, 102, 143, 154–55, 160–62, 169, 212, 267–68

mafia control of, 5–15, 23, 63, 76, 93, 374

management of, 15, 22, 29–31, 33, 53, 93–94, 125–27

media coverage of, 24, 34, 46, 53–55, 163–64

money laundering in, 48, 64, 78, 127, 129, 192–200, 251–57

paramilitary forces and, 48–49, 62–63, 80–90, 91, 93–96; see also specific forces

police operations for, 5–15, 19–34, 59, 94, 97, 99–100, 219–36; see also specific operations

political impact of, 28, 32, 37, 70–71, 100, 154–57