Robert Forczyk - Where the Iron Crosses Grow

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Nazi and Soviet armies fought over the Crimean Peninsula for three long years using sieges, dozens of amphibious landings, and large scale maneuvers. This definitive English-language work on the savage battle for the Crimea,
sheds new light on this vital aspect of the Eastern Front.
The Crimea was one of the crucibles of the war on the Eastern Front, where first a Soviet and then a German army were surrounded, fought desperate battles and were eventually destroyed. The fighting in the region was unusual for the Eastern Front in many ways, in that naval supply, amphibious landings and naval evacuation played major roles, while both sides were also conducting ethnic cleansing as part of their strategy – the Germans eliminating the Jews and the Soviets to purging the region of Tartars.
From 1941, when the first Soviets first created the Sevastopol fortified region, the Crimea was a focal point of the war in the East. German forces under the noted commander Manstein conquered the area in 1941–42, which was followed by two years of brutal colonization and occupation before the Soviet counteroffensive in 1944 destroyed the German 17th Army.
[Contain tables.]

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79

la, Anlagen I-IV z. KTB 10, Gefechtsmeldungen, April 1 – July 7, 1942, 22. Infanterie-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 780.

80

la, Anlagen I-IV z. KTB 10, April 1 – July 7, 1942, 22. Infanterie-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 780.

81

Ia, Anlagen z. KTB, Darstellung der Ereignisse, July 1–15, 1942, XXX Armeekorps, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-314, Roll 828.

82

la, Anlagen I-IV z. KTB 10, April 1 – July 7, 1942, 22. Infanterie-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 780.

83

Bidermann, In Deadly Combat: A German Soldier’s Memoir of the Eastern Front , p. 141.

84

Ia, Anlagen z. KTB, Darstellung der Ereignisse, July 1-15, 1942, XXX Armeekorps, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-314, Roll 828.

85

Shirokorad, Bitva za Krym [ Battle of the Crimea ].

86

Soenke Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals: Transcripts of Secret Conversations, 1942–1945 (St Paul, MN: MBI Publishing, 2007), p. 219.

87

Ia, Anlagen z. KTB 6, January 1 – July 10, 1942, 50. Infanterie-Division, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 947, frame 497.

88

Kurowski, Generalmajor Erich Bärenfänger: vom Leutnant zum General , p. 117.

89

Bidermann, In Deadly Combat: A German Soldier’s Memoir of the Eastern Front , p. 143.

90

AOK 11, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 1692.

1

Norbert Kunz “The Jews are completely destroyed”: The Fate of Jewish Minorities in the Crimea in World War II in The Holocaust in Ukraine: New Sources and Perspectives (Washington, DC: U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, 2013).

2

Gitel Gubenko, The Book of Sorrows (GS Tanislav Co., Inc., 2003).

3

Andrei Angrick, Besatzungspolitik und Massenmord: Die Einsatzgruppe D in der südlichen Sowjetunion 1941–1943 (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition Verlag, 2003), pp. 335–345.

4

Operational Situation Report USSR No. 150, Einsatzgruppe D, January 2, 1942.

5

Interview with Lidiya I. Chyernih on April 28, 2013 on the “I Remember” website, http://iremember.ru/partizani/chernikh-milko-lidiya-ivanovna.html.

6

Tätigkeitsbericht, Feldkommandantur 810, 19 December 1941, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-501, Roll 233, frames 409–410.

7

Tätigkeitsbericht vom 1-15.7.42, Feldkommandantur 287, 16 July 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-501, Roll 233, frame 424.

8

Memorandum from Generalkommissar für die Krim to OKH, July 16, 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-454, Roll 18.

9

Report from Generalkommissar für die Krim, August 18, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-454, Roll 18, frames 170–171.

10

Report from Generalkommissar für die Krim, May 8, 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-454, Roll 28.

11

Antonio J. Munoz, Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen SS (New York: Axis Europa Books, 1991), p. 39.

12

Kommandant des ruckwartigen Armeege Metes 553, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-501, Roll 58.

13

Gottlob H. Bidermann, In Deadly Combat: A German Soldier’s Memoir of the Eastern Front (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000), p. 119.

14

J. F. Borsarello and W. Palinckx, Wehrmacht & SS Caucasian – Muslim – Asian Troops (Bayeux, France: Editions Heimdal, 2007).

15

O.Qu./Qu. 2, Report by Einsatzgruppe D of the Sicherheitspolizei about Rekrutierung der Krimtataren, April 4 –September 8, 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 421.

16

Munoz, Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen SS , pp. 173–174.

17

Aleksandr B. Shirokorad, Bitva za Krym [ Battle of the Crimea ] (Moscow: AST, 2005).

18

Tätigkeitsbericht vom 1.-15.10.42, Feldkommandantur 287, 16 October 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-501, Roll 233, frames 969.

19

Tätigkeitsbericht vom 16.-31.10.42, Feldkommandantur 287, 1 November 1942, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-501, Roll 233.

20

Shirokorad, Bitva za Krym [ Battle of the Crimea ].

21

Bandentätigkeit in der Zeit vom 1.-7.12.43, AOK 17, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 740.

22

Stephen McLaughlin, Russian and Soviet Battleships (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003), p. 402.

23

Vasiliy I. Achkasov and Nikolai B. Pavlovich, Soviet Naval Operations in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1981), pp. 262–264.

24

Achkasov and Pavlovich, Soviet Naval Operations in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 , pp. 258–259.

1

Philipp Humberts, “Ich Bitte Ershossen zu werden,” Der Spiegel , 5/1949, January 29, 1949.

2

la, Anlage 1 z. KTB Nr. 8, Kriegsgliederungen der Armee, AOK 17, Oct 12–Dec 11, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 738.

3

la, Anlage 9 z. KTB Nr. 8, Lagenkarten, AOK 17,Oct 10–Dec 31, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 740.

4

la, Anlagenband 2 z. KTB Nr. 8, Unternehmen “Michael” mit Sondervorgang, AOK 17, Oct 19–31, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 738.

5

Paul Carell, Scorched Earth (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 1994), p. 456.

6

la, Anlage 4 z. KTB Nr. 8, AOK 17, Oct 10–Dec 31, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 739.

7

Ia, 336. Infanterie-Division, October-December 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-315, Roll 2,097.

8

lc, Gefangenenvernehmung, AOK 17, November 1, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 741.

9

Anatoly N. Grylev, Dnipro-Karpaty-Krym: Osvobozhdenie pravoberezhnoi ukrainy i kryma v 1944 gody [ Dnepr-Carpathians-Crimea: The Liberation of the Right Bank of Ukraine and Crimea, 1944 ] (Moscow: Nauka, 1970).

10

Ic, Tatigkeitsbericht, Verteidigung der Nordzugange zur Krim, XXXXIX Gebirgs-Korps, October 30 – December 31, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-314, Roll 1226.

11

la, Anlage 1 z. KTB Nr. 8, Kriegsgliederungen der Armee, AOK 17, Oct 12–Dec 11, 1943, NAM (National Archives Microfilm), Series T-312, Roll 738.

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