Richard Overy - The Bombing War

26. TNA, FO 898/234, T. G. Harman to Leeper (PWE), ‘Plan for Propaganda to Belgium’, 26 Feb 1941; Report on an interview with mademoiselle Depuich [Oct 1941], 2; ‘Plan of Propaganda to Holland’, 6.

27. TNA, AIR 19/217, paper from the Air Ministry (Plans) for the War Cabinet, 11 Nov 1941; Director of Plans (Air Ministry) to Churchill, 8 Jan 1942; Norman Bottomley to Acting C-in-C, Bomber Command, 5 Feb 1942; FO 371/28541, War Cabinet, 6 Nov 1941; FO 371/31999, Attlee to Churchill, 8 Jan 1942.

28. TNA, AIR 20/4768, Directorate of Bombing, ‘Incendiary Attacks in Occupied Countries’, 13 Nov 1941.

29. RAFM, Harris papers, H47, Bottomley to Harris, ‘Psychological Aspects of Bombing Policy’, 14 Apr 1942.

30. TNA, FO 898/313, PWE, ‘Progress Report No. 1’, Mar 1942.

31. TNA, AIR 19/217, Baker to Bottomley, 4 Mar 1942; casualty figures from Matt Perry, ‘Bombing Billancourt: Labour Agency and the Limitations of the Public Opinion Model of Wartime France’, Labour History Review , 77 (2012), 49, and Service Historique de l’Armeé de l’Air (SHAA), Vincennes, Paris, 3D/48/Dossier 2, Direction de Défense Passive, Bulletin de Renseignements, 30 Mar 1942.

32. SHAA, 3D/112/Dossier 3, propagande anglo-saxonne, ‘Aux populations de la France occupée’; TNA, FO 898/319, P. C. Groves (PWE) to the BBC, 6 Feb 1942.

33. Ibid., memorandum by I. Black (PWE), ‘The Bombardment of Paris Factories’, 5 Mar 1942.

34. Ibid., US Embassy London to Sinclair, encl. message from Admiral Leahy, 13 Mar 1942; Eden to Sinclair, 16 Mar 1942.

35. Perry, ‘Bombing Billancourt’, 61–2.

36. TNA, FO 898/319, PWE Report, ‘The Bombing of French Factories’, 10 Apr 1942; PWE Report, ‘Evidence of Effect of RAF Bombing on Morale in Enemy-Occupied Territories’, 14 Apr 1942, 3.

37. TNA, AIR 19/217, Sir Samuel Hoare (Madrid) to FO, 9 June 1942; US Embassy Berne to Secretary of State, 22 June 1942.

38. Lindsey Dodd, Andew Knapp, ‘ “How Many Frenchmen Did You Kill?”: British Bombing Policy Towards France (1940–1945)’, French History , 22 (2008), 474–80.

39. Simon Kitson, ‘Criminals or Liberators? French Public Opinion and the Allied Bombings of France, 1940–1945’, in Claudia Baldoli, Andrew Knapp, Richard Overy (eds), Bombing, States and Peoples in Western Europe, 1940–1945 (London: 2011), 279–84.

40. TNA, AIR 8/428, Harris to Portal, 7 Apr 1942: ‘Real Blitzes as Opposed to Dock Bombing’.

41. TNA, AIR 9/187, Slessor to all air commands, ‘Bombardment Policy’, 29 Oct 1942.

42. TNA, AIR 19/217, Bottomley to Harris, 14 Jan 1943; Baldoli, Knapp, Forgotten Blitzes , 25–6; Dodd, Knapp, ‘ “How Many Frenchmen Did You Kill?”’, 479–80.

43. Arthur T. Harris, Bomber Offensive (London: 1947), 136–7.

44. TNA, ADM 199/2467, Naval Intelligence Division (NID) to Assistant Chief of Naval Staff, ‘U/Boat Bases – West Coast of France’, 13 Jan 1943; HQ Eighth Bomber Command to NID, 18 Feb 1943.

45. TNA, FO 898/319, PWE minute, ‘Campaign to the French Coastal Populations’, 1 June 1942; Peck to Baker, enclosing leaflet, ‘Aux ouvriers français des ports de l’ouest’, June 1942.

46. TNA, ADM 199/2467, NID Report, ‘The Bombing of the U-Boat Bases’, 11 Mar 1943; NID, ‘Factual Statement on the Lorient Base and on Bombing Attacks’.

47. SHAA, 3D/322/Dossier 1, Air Force Report, ‘Bombardement de l’Arsenal et de la ville de Lorient, Janvier–Mars 1943’, 6–7, 9.

48. TNA, FO 898/319, PWE, draft statement on the bombing of Lorient; Air Ministry (VCAS) to PWE, 23 Feb 1943.

49. TNA, ADM 199/2467, NID note, ‘Lorient’; AIR 19/218, Bottomley to Harris, 6 Apr 1943. See too Charles Webster, Noble Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany , 4 vols (London: 1961), vol 2, 96–7.

50. Stephen Flower, Barnes Wallis’ Bombs: Tallboy, Dambuster and Grand Slam (Stroud: 2002), 124–5, 189–90, 192–5, 412.

51. TNA, ADM 199/2467, NID, French division, ‘France: Reaction to the Paris and Anvers Raids’, 18 Apr 1943.

52. TNA, FO 371/36038, Air Ministry to FO, 30 Dec 1942; Political Intelligence Dept, FO, ‘Avis no. 7’, BBC French Service, 29 Dec 1942.

53. Eddy Florentin, Quand les Alliés bombardaient la France 1940–1945 (Paris: 2008), 159–61.

54. SHAA, 3D/322/Dossier 1, ‘Bombardement du centre industriel de Boulogne-Billancourt, 4 Avril 1943’, BN, Défense Passive, Bulletin de Renseignements, Mar–May 1943, table V.

55. TNA, FO 371/36038, minute by William Strang (FO), 16 Apr 1943; AIR 19/218, Massigli to Eden, 16 Apr 1943.

56. TNA, AIR 19/218, telegram JSM, Washington, DC, to Air Ministry, 28 Apr 1943; Sinclair to Eden, 9 May 1943; Air Vice Marshal Evill to Eaker, 10 May 1943; Sinclair to Eden, 5 June 1943.

57. Richard Overy, ‘The Luftwaffe and the European Economy 1939–1945’, Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen , 55 (1979), 58–60.

58. Florentin, Quand les Alliés bombardaient la France , 238–43.

59. Roger Freeman, The Mighty Eighth War Diary (London: 1981), 112, 115.

60. BN, Bulletin de Renseignements, Oct 1943, 8–11.

61. TNA, AIR 40/1720, MAAF Military Intelligence Division Report from Centre de Documentation des Services Spéciaux, 7, 18.

62. SHAA, 3D/322/Dossier 1, ‘Bombardement de l’usine Dunlop, 16 septembre, 1943’, 1.

63. Ibid., Armée de l’Air, ‘Bombardements aériens en territoire français: Avant propos: 1944’ [May 1944], 1–3.

64. Ibid., ‘Bombardement de St. Étienne, 26 Mai 1944’, 7–8.

65. BN, Bulletin d’Information de la Défense Passive, May 1944, 7–8; SHAA, 3D/322/Dossier 1, ‘Bombardement de la gare d’Avignon, 27 Mai, 25 Juin 1944’, 4.

66. Baldoli, Knapp, Forgotten Blitzes , 51–3, 55.

67. Ibid., 92–3, 99.

68. BA-MA, RL13/21, Luftschutz-Abteilung 15, Allgemeiner Erfahrungsbericht, 30 Apr 1942.

69. SHAA, 3D/44/Dossier 2, Admiral Duplat to General Pintor (President of Italian Armistice Commission), 17 Nov 1940; IAC to French delegation, 1 Apr 1941; IAC to French delegation, 23 Sept 1941.

70. Ibid., German Armistice Commission (Air Force) to French delegation, 27 Nov 1941.

71. Ibid., Note for the French delegation at Wiesbaden, 3 Feb 1942; note from Direction des Services de l’Armistice to French delegation, 3 June 1942; Secrétariat à l’Aviation, ‘Obscurissement de la zone non occupée’, 6 Aug 1942.

72. Ibid., memorandum of the German Armistice Commission to the French delegation, 27 Nov 1941, 1.

73. BA-MA, RL7/141, Intelligence Report, Air Fleet 3, ‘Aufbau der französischen Heimatluftverteidigung’, 1 May 1943; Intelligence Report, Air Fleet 3, 1 Aug 1943.

74. SHAA, 3D/44/Dossier 1, SGDA, CoS to the Interior Ministry, 5 June 1943, encl. memorandum from Air Fleet 3, 16 Feb 1943; Direction de la Défense Aérienne to SGDA, Bureau C, 24 June 1943.

75. BA-MA, RL7/141, Intelligence Report, Air Fleet 3, 1 May 1943; SGDA to Secrétariat Générale à la Défense Terrestre, 27 Apr 1943.

76. SHAA, 3D/279/Dossier 2, Commandant de Groupe de SAP, Lyon, 20 Feb 1943; Dossier 1, Defence Secretary to Minister of Industrial Production, ‘Service d’alerte’, 1 Oct 1943; SGDA, Bureau A, ‘Recapitulation des effectifs des formations de SAP’, 13 Sept 1943; SGDA to Director of Air Services, Northern Zone, 20 Sept 1943. The main centres in the south were at Lyon, Montpellier, Marseille, Limoges and Toulouse; in the north at Paris, Tours, Dijon, Bordeaux and Reims.

77. SHAA, 3D/43/Dossier 1, Plenipotentiary Air Fleet 3 to SGDA, 20 Aug 1943; 3D/44/Dossier 1, Plenipotentiary Air Fleet 3 to SGDA, 4 July 1943.

78. Baldoli, Knapp, Forgotten Blitzes , 92–3.