Robert Service - Stalin - A Biography

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Overthrowing the conventional image of Stalin as an uneducated political administrator inexplicably transformed into a pathological killer, Robert Service reveals a more complex and fascinating story behind this notorious twentieth-century figure. Drawing on unexplored archives and personal testimonies gathered from across Russia and Georgia, this is the first full-scale biography of the Soviet dictator in twenty years.
Service describes in unprecedented detail the first half of Stalin’s life—his childhood in Georgia as the son of a violent, drunkard father and a devoted mother; his education and religious training; and his political activity as a young revolutionary. No mere messenger for Lenin, Stalin was a prominent activist long before the Russian Revolution. Equally compelling is the depiction of Stalin as Soviet leader. Service recasts the image of Stalin as unimpeded despot; his control was not limitless. And his conviction that enemies surrounded him was not entirely unfounded.
Stalin was not just a vengeful dictator but also a man fascinated by ideas and a voracious reader of Marxist doctrine and Russian and Georgian literature as well as an internationalist committed to seeing Russia assume a powerful role on the world stage. In examining the multidimensional legacy of Stalin, Service helps explain why later would-be reformers—such as Khrushchev and Gorbachev—found the Stalinist legacy surprisingly hard to dislodge.
Rather than diminishing the horrors of Stalinism, this is an account all the more disturbing for presenting a believable human portrait. Service’s lifetime engagement with Soviet Russia has resulted in the most comprehensive and compelling portrayal of Stalin to date.

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Kamenev, Sergei

Kameneva, Olga

Kaminski, G.M.

Kaminski, V.

‘Kamo’ see Ter-Petrosyan, Semën

Kanner, Grigori

Kapanadze, Peter

Kapler, Alexei

Karamzin, Nikolai

Karpov, B.

Karpov, G.

Katyn forest massacre (1940)

Kautsky, Karl; The Driving Forces and Prospects of the Russian Revolution

Kavtaradze, Sergei

Kazakhstan: famine in; supposed genocide in; agricultural reforms in

Kemal Pasha (Ataturk)

Kennan, George

Kerenski, Alexander: in Provisional Government; and conduct of First World War; premiership; calls Democratic Conference; Lenin demands overthrow of; and Bolshevik threat; defeated in move against Petrograd

Ketskhoveli, Lado

Ketskhoveli, Vano

Ketskhoveli, Vladimir

Kharkov

Khazan, Tamara (wife of Andrei Andreev)

Khazanova, Tamara

Khlevnyuk, Oleg

Kholodnaya Rechka

Khrennikov, Tikhon

Khrushchëv, Nikita: denounces Stalin; on Stalin’s early modesty; in Great Terror; Stalin accuses of being Pole; on ‘cult of personality’; association with Stalin; womanising and drinking; rebuked for congratulating Stalin on victory over Germany; on counter-productive effect of repression; desires agricultural reform; and famine in Ukraine (1947); Stalin teases for corpulence; at Nineteenth Party Congress; fears Stalin’s disfavour; at Stalin’s 73rd birthday party; watches film with Stalin; and succession to Stalin; reforms after Stalin’s death; rise to power; removed from power (1964); reputation

Khrustalëv, Ivan

Kiev: falls to Germans

Kim Il-Sung

Kirov, Sergei: supports Stalin on status of republics; in Caucasian Bureau; allies with Stalin; and grain procurement; friendship with Stalin; asked to take over from Stalin; assassinated; and national identity

Kishkin, Nikolai

Kislovodsk episode

Kleiner, I.N.

Klimov, M. (Svetlana’s bodyguard)

Knorin, V.G.

Knunyants, Bogdan

Kobulov, Bogdan

Kolchak, Admiral Alexander

Kolkhoz Model Statute (1935)

kolkhozes (collective farms); markets

Kollontai, Alexandra

Komsomol: militancy; support for Stalin

Kondratev, Nikolai

Konev, General Ivan

Königsberg,

Konovalov, Alexander

Korchagina, Alexandra

Korean War (1950–53)

Kornev (acquaintance of Stalin)

Kornilov, General Lavr

Korshunova, Fekla

Kosior, Stanislav

Kovalëv, Ivan

Kraków

Krasin, Lev

Krasnov, General P.N.

Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk Party Regional Committee

Kravchenko (prison guard)

Krestinski, Nikolai,

Kronstadt; naval mutiny (1921)

Kruglov, Sergei

Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin’s wife): invites Stalin to dine; dispute with Stalin; and Lenin’s health decline; Stalin abuses; objects to embalming and display of Lenin; as Lenin’s biographer; and Lenin’s Testament; relations with Nadya Allilueva; asks Nadya Allilueva to intervene in Georgian affair; supports Zinoviev and Kamenev; and culture

Kseshinskaya, Matilda

Kuban area (north Caucasus)

Kuibyshev

Kuibyshev, Valeryan

kulaks: Stalin persecutes; Bukharin supports; wish for commercial opportunities; taxed; flourish; excluded from collective farms; repressed in Ukraine; see also peasants

Kulikov, Yevgeni

Kun, Miklós

Kuntsevo

Kuomintang,

Kurchatov, Igor

Kureika (hamlet), Turukhansk District

Kurile Islands

Kursk, battle of (1943)

Kushner, Professor

Kutaisi Prison

Kutuzov, Mikhail

Kuzakova, Maria

Kuznetsov, Alexei

Kuznetsov, Admiral N.G.

Kvali (Tbilisi newspaper)

labour camps; see also Gulag

Labouring Peasant Party (fictitious)

Lagidze, Mitrofan

Lakoba, Nestor

Landau, Lev

Largiashvili (seminarist)

Largo Caballero, Francisco

Lashevich, Mikhail,

Latvia: resists Soviet expansionism; as Soviet republic; nationhood in; reclaims independence; German-Soviet conflict over; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states

Latvians: killed in Great Terror

Lazurkina, Dora

League of the Militant Godless,

League of Nations: excludes USSR; USSR applies for admission; ineffectiveness against Japan

Left Opposition: supports Trotski; criticises economic policy; Stalin defeats

Left Socialist-Revolutionaries

Lend-Lease

Lenin in October (film)

Lenin, Vladimir: founds USSR; Stalin’s early impressions, of; Stalin’s attitude to; agrarian policy; and founding of Iskra ; Stalin meets in Finland; at 1905 Stockholm conference; at London conference (1907); offers deal to Georgian Mensheviks; accepts criminal funding; breaks with Mensheviks; forms new Central Committee; co-opts Stalin onto Central Committee; praises Stalin; Stalin meets in Kraków; convenes conference in Prague; as thinker; Stalin’s disagreements with; and national question; attacks Jews; opposes Russian participation in First World War; letter from Stalin in exile; demands overthrow of Provisional Government; returns to Russia; revolutionary policy; in hiding following arrest warrant; regard for Trotski; drafts decrees on land and peace; forms Sovnarkom; disfavours coalition of socialist parties; foreign policy; forms Cheka; and separate peace with Central Powers; and state terror; in Civil War; and Stalin’s authority in Volga region; and control of Cheka; Stalin defers to; prestige; and war with Poland (1920); attends Ninth Party Conference; and Trotski’s condemnation of trade unions; introduces New Economic Policy; seeks control of central party apparatus; approves appointment of Stalin as General Secretary of Party; health problems; administrative duties; assassination attempt on; view of and relations with Stalin; renewed alliance with Trotski; favours federal structure; Testament (‘Letter to the Congress’); and Stalin’s abuse of Krupskaya; death and funeral; posthumous cult; Stalin writes on; Nadya Allilueva works for; speaks at Tenth Party Congress; and Stalin’s personality; on capitalist competitiveness; and Mayakovski; belief in outside interference; and promotion of professionally competent; rebukes Stalin for violence; on decisive action; compared with Stalin; cult; in Stalinist Short Course; and world revolution; proposed evacuation of corpse in war; view of foreign hostility; on end of capitalism; ideological influence on Stalin; Stalin invokes in Nineteenth Party Congress speech; communist state policy; April Theses ; ‘Better Fewer But Better’; ‘Marxism and Insurrection’; Materialism and Empiriocriticism ; The State and Revolution ; What Is To Be Done?

Leningrad see St Petersburg

Leningrad Affair (1948)

Leningrad Opposition

Levitan, Isaak

Libya: as Soviet protectorate

Lie, Trygve

linguistics: Stalin’s interest in

literacy and numeracy: increased

Lithuania: resists Soviet expansionism; regains Vilnius; established as Soviet republic; reclaims independence; and German expansionism; Stalin demands and occupies; Germans conquer; reannexed by USSR; Stalin’s post-war aims in; armed resistance in; deportations from; see also Baltic states

Litvinov, Maxim

Livanova, V.

Lominadze, Vissarion

London: Stalin attends 1907 Party conference in

Longjumeau, near Paris

Low, (Sir) David

Lozgachëv, Pavel

Ludwig, Emile

Lunacharski, Anatoli

Luxemburg, Rosa

Lvov, Prince Georgi

Lysenko, Timofei

MacArthur, General Douglas

Machavariani, David

Machiavelli, Niccolò, The Prince ,

Maclean, Donald

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