Robert Service - Stalin - A Biography

Fotieva, Lidia

France: Politburo perceives as threat; attitude to USSR; Stalin woos; neutrality in Spanish Civil War; pre-war relations with USSR; Germans defeat (1940); Stalin’s concern for

Franco, General Francisco,

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria

French Communist Party

Fried, Eugen

Galperin, Lev

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)

Gegechkori, Yevgeni

Genghis Khan

Georgia: under Russian control; social life; traditions and culture; Marxism in; unrest in; peasants in; nationalism in; Bolshevik-Menshevik differences in; Stalin’s preoccupation with; in Stalin’s Marxism and the National Question ; and federal union; as Soviet republic; borders disputed; conquered by Red Army (1921); ethnic problems in; and Abkhazia; Stalin revisits (1921); uprising (1924); and Stalin’s national feelings in the 1930s; repressions in; blood feuds and revenge in; wines; Stalin’s reputation in

Georgiu-Dej, Gheorghe

Germans (ethnic): killed in Great Terror

Germany: Soviet post-war policy in; in First World War; allows Lenin to return to Russia, ref; peace ultimatum to Russia; Lenin plans intervention in; Lenin favours understanding with; military cooperation with Soviet Union; Kautsky’s influence in; economic development; Communist Party in; prospective war with USSR; and Nazi repressions; finds Soviet collaborators after invasion; economic disruption in; Stalin’s pre-war policy on; as threat; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; annexes Austria and Czechoslovakia; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; expansionism; non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); invades and conquers Poland; advance in West (1940); invades USSR (Operation Barbarossa); conquests and advance in USSR; wartime atrocities; advance halted; successes in North Africa; casualties at Stalingrad; retreats before Red Army; antipathy to Panslavism; post-war treatment by Allies; USSR demands reparations from; Allied advances against; defeat and surrender (1945); postwar denazification policy on; occupation zones; Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed; Federal Republic (West Germany) formed; Stalin proposes united government in; see also Hitler, Adolf

Germogen (Rector of Tiflis Spiritual Seminary)

Getty, J. Arch

Gio, Artëm

Glavlit

Glurzhidze, Grigol

Goebbels, Josef

Gogebashvili, Yakob

Golovanov, General A.E.

Gomułka, Władysław

Gorbachëv, Mikhail

Gorbatov, Boris

Gori, Georgia

Gorki, Maxim

Gosplan (State Planning Committee): established; controls economy; under pressure from Stalin; success

Gottwald, Klement

GPU ( formerly Cheka): on succession to Lenin; Bolsheviks’ dependence on; see also NKVD

grain: post-Revolution shortages; and procurement; and peasant hoarding; and Stalin’s economic policy; prices; exports; quotas

Great Terror: and Stalin’s despotism; Stalin’s responsibility for questioned; and Stalin’s supposed work for Okhrana; foreshadowed in Civil War; Khrushchëv’s part in; effect on intellectuals; and Bolshevist values; sanctioned and practised; ends; Khrushchëv denounces; effects

Greece: post-war unrest in; communism in

Grek, Mitka

Gromyko, Andrei

Groza, Petru

Guchkov, Alexander

Gulag: expanded; Trotskyists dispatched to; ethnic Russians avoid; conditions in; economic effects of; intransigence in; mineral production; prisoners-of-war in

Gumilëv, Lev

Gumilëv, Nikolai

Harbin: Great Terror in

Harriman, Averell,

Hervieu, Mme (Tbilisi dressmaker)

Herzen, Alexander: General Philosophy of the Soul

Hingley, Ronald

Hirohito, Emperor of Japan

Hiroshima

Hitler, Adolf: Jewish policy; becomes Chancellor; Stalin admires for brutality; repressions; cult of; rise to power; intervenes in Spanish Civil War; as threat; Communist opposition to; Stalin considers deal with; and non-aggression pact with USSR (1939); Stalin’s view of; concedes Baltic States to Stalin; Stalin appeases; aggressiveness; plans to attack USSR; invades USSR; and initial German successes in USSR; despises Slavs; occupation policy in USSR; and German isolation in USSR; orders offensive against Stalingrad; and Stalingrad defeat; and imprisonment of Stalin’s son Yakov; interferes in conduct of Russian campaign; Stalin’s rivalry with; and Soviet advance; retains army support; suicide; remains removed to Moscow; Stalin compared with; posthumous reputation; Mein Kampf ; see also Germany

Hoxha, Enver

Hümmet organisation (Azerbaijan)

Hungary: and Panslavism; USSR demands reparations from; anti-communist majority in; Soviet interference in

Ibárruri, Dolores (‘La Pasionaria’)

Ignatev, Sergei

Ilichëv, Leonid

Ilovaiski, D.I.

Indian National Congress

Industrial Academy, Moscow

Industrial Party (fictitious)

industrialisation: Stalin introduces forced-rate; and labour force; advanced; and worker unrest; growth targets reduced; and increased output

Institute of Red Professors

International Brigades (Spain)

International, Fourth

Ioffe, Adolf

Irakli II, ruler of Georgia

Iran: wartime supplies to USSR through; Soviet forces in

Iremashvili, Joseph

Iskra (journal)

Israel: Stalin quarrels with

Istomina, Valentina,

Italian Communist Party

Italy: in Spanish Civil War; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; Stalin’s concern for; Eurocommunism in

Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar: Stalin’s view of; and Russian nationhood

Ivan the Terrible (film)

Ivanovo

Iveria (newspaper)

Japan: war with Russia (1904–5); as threat to USSR; US policy towards; occupies Manchuria; invades China; signs Anti-Comintern Pact; war with USSR (1939–40); in Second World War; Stalin promises to enter war against; Allied ultimatum to from Potsdam; surrender after atom-bomb attacks; US post-war hegemony in; and Korean War

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee

Jewish Bund,

Jews: in Menshevik party; Stalin’s attitude to; and nationality question; repressed and persecuted; in foreign communist parties; post-war policy of hostility to; see also anti-semitism

Kadets see Constitutional-Democratic Party

Kaganovich, Lazar: supports Stalin in Orgburo; as First Secretary of Communist Party of Ukraine; deports Poles; shares Stalin’s assumptions; in Politburo; Stalin orders to shave off beard; Stalin devolves power to; as Stalin’s confidant; and growth of state power; approves Nadya Allilueva’s travel abroad; speaks at Nadya’s funeral; on effect of Nadya’s suicide on Stalin; pleads for industrial slowdown; requests lowering of Ukraine grain quotas; engineers Stalin’s re-election at 17th Party Congress; orders demolition of Moscow cathedral; and Stalin’s family ride on Metro; and Stalin’s views on Nakhaev; writes memoirs; shares Stalin’s class attitudes; and Stalin’s belief in decisive action; on Stalin’s fear of ‘fifth column’; and Yezhov’s appointment to NKVD; Stalin accuses; participates in Great Terror; Stalin asks to prevent publication of articles; association with Stalin; and sister’s supposed relations with Stalin; reponsibilities for transport in war; imitates Stalin; Jewishness; and Stalin’s wish to retire; and succession to Stalin; and Stalin’s death; approves reforms after Stalin’s death

Kaganovich, Maya

Kaganovich, Moisei

Kaganovich, Rosa

Kalashnikov (of Industrial Academy)

Kaledin, General Alexei

Kalinin, Mikhail: and Stalin’s return to work after appendectomy; and agrarian policy; as head of state; and popular unrest; and Stalin’s rule; wife arrested and detained; fondness for ballerinas

Kalinina, Yelena

Kamenev, Lev: character; leads Marxist group in Tbilisi; internationalism; Stalin meets in Kraków; Lenin demands punishment of; in exile; tried (1915); and Grand Duke Mikhail’s refusal to take crown; supports Provisional Government0; rejected for membership of Russian Bureau; returns to Petrograd; appointed to editorial board of Pravda ; combative programme; Lenin attacks; and First World War; follows Lenin’s strategy; Lenin supports for election to Central Committee; arrested by Provisional Government; in Central Committee; opposes Lenin’s revolutionary policy; status and fame; Jewishness; opposes gratuitous violence; supports separate peace in First World War; in Civil War; and control of Cheka; and revolutions abroad; heart problems; and Stalin’s appointment as General Secretary of Party; and dispute between Stalin and Lenin on autonomisation; opposes incorporation of Soviet republics; in Lenin’s Testament; Krupskaya writes to on Stalin’s abuse; protects and allies with Stalin; authority in Politburo; administrative duties; at Lenin’s funeral; fails to press Testament charges against Stalin; defeats Left Opposition; mistaken reference to nepman; Stalin turns against; economic policy; leadership ambitions; opposes Stalin and Bukharin; writes on Leninism; excluded from Central Committee; and Bukharin’s peasant policy; as continuing threat; evidence of disloyalty to Stalin; taken into NKVD custody and sentenced; confession and execution; Voroshilov disparages; and Svetlana’s love affairs