Andrew Nagorski - Hitlerland

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Hitlerland: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Hitler’s rise to power, Germany’s march to the abyss, as seen through the eyes of Americans—diplomats, military, expats, visiting authors, Olympic athletes—who watched horrified and up close. By tapping a rich vein of personal testimonies,
offers a gripping narrative full of surprising twists—and a startlingly fresh perspective on this heavily dissected era. Some of the Americans in Weimar and then Hitler’s Germany were merely casual observers, others deliberately blind; a few were Nazi apologists. But most slowly began to understand the horror of what was unfolding, even when they found it difficult to grasp the breadth of the catastrophe.
Among the journalists, William Shirer, Edgar Mowrer, and Dorothy Thompson were increasingly alarmed. Consul General George Messersmith stood out among the American diplomats because of his passion and courage. Truman Smith, the first American official to meet Hitler, was an astute political observer and a remarkably resourceful military attaché. Historian William Dodd, whom FDR tapped as ambassador in Hitler’s Berlin, left disillusioned; his daughter Martha scandalized the embassy with her procession of lovers from her initial infatuation with Nazis she took up with. She ended as a Soviet spy.
On the scene were George Kennan, who would become famous as the architect of containment; Richard Helms, who rose to the top of the CIA; Howard K. Smith, who would coanchor the
. The list of prominent visitors included writers Sinclair Lewis and Thomas Wolfe, famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, the great athlete Jesse Owens, newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, and black sociologist and historian W.E.B. Dubois.
Observing Hitler and his movement up close, the most perceptive of these Americans helped their reluctant countrymen begin to understand the nature of Nazi Germany as it ruthlessly eliminated political opponents, instilled hatred of Jews and anyone deemed a member of an inferior race, and readied its military and its people for a war for global domination. They helped prepare Americans for the years of struggle ahead.

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313 The sudden rash of: Charles B. Burdick, An American Island in Hitler’s Reich: The Bad Nauheim Internment , 9.

313 only fifteen, less than a third: See Howard K. Smith, 344, for original number of about fifty.

314 “ enemy aliens”: For a description of one of these cases, see HistoryLink.org Essay 8654.

314 “ will be done” and rest of Lochner account of press conference, including Schmidt quote: Lochner, What About Germany?, 360–361.

314 bye-bye and rest of Thuermer account: Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and interview with author.

315 Friends kept dropping by and account of Lochner’s arrest: Lochner, What About Germany? , 363–364.

316 “ We still have” and “ The Gestapo” and breakfast: Ibid., 364–366.

316 At the embassy and scene with von Ribbentrop: Kennan, 135–136.

316 “ entire satanic insidiousness”: Kershaw, 446.

316 cheering news: Lochner, What About Germany? , 366–367.

317 Hitler had ordered: Kennan, 136.

317 Returning to their homes: Burdick, 28.

317 132 Americans: Louis Lochner, “Americans Fed Better Than Germans, But Still Lose Weight,” AP dispatch published in the Frederick Post , May 20, 1942, Associated Press Corporate Archives.

317 It had been closed: Burdick, 37.

317 In January and February: Lochner, What About Germany?, 369.

318 “ This showed us”: Lochner, AP dispatch, May 20, 1942.

318 To deal with the constant problems and Patzak also allowed: Burdick, 47.

319 “ It is in the general interest”: Ibid., 46.

319 “ a rather unique”: Lochner, What About Germany?, 369.

319 The AP’s Ed Shanke: Ibid., 370–371; and Burdick, 48.

319 Alvin Steinkopf: Burdick, 51, 57.

319 “ Badheim University” and “ Education of the ignorant”: Burdick, 62–63. Other details about activities from Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and Thuermer interviewed by author.

320 Kennan won permission and other baseball details: Burdick, 85; also Thuermer, unpublished manuscript, and interview.

320 “ for disciplinary control”: Kennan, 136.

320 British bombers: Burdick, 96.

321 “ to keep the more” and breakfast story at the border: Kennan, 137–138.

321 “ We had not”: Ibid., 139.

321 “ The department”: Ibid., 139–140.

322 Drottningholm: Burdick, 106.

AFTERWORD

PAGE

326 “ She continued to serve”: Helms, 20.

326 “ of my Harvard Club friend”: Hanfstaengl, 293.

326 Arriving in Washington: Ibid., 294.

326 “ most of the time”: Eric Hanfstaengl interviewed by author (2009).

326 “ still in his bones”: Marwell, 517.

Bibliography

ARCHIVAL SOURCES

Associated Press Corporate Archives, New York, NY

Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY

Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, CA

Leo Baeck Institute Archives, New York, NY

Library of Congress, Washington, DC

National Archives, College Park, MD

Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University Libraries Archival Collections, New York, NY

UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS FROM PRIVATE COLLECTIONS

Jacob Beam, unpublished manuscript (with no title page), courtesy of Alex Beam.

David Marwell, “Unwonted Exile: A Biography of Ernst ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl,” Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1988.

John J. McLaughlin, “General Albert Coady Wedemeyer, 1897–1989: Soldier, Scholar, Statesman,” Ph.D. dissertation, Drew University, 2008.

Angus Maclean Thuermer, “What to Do if Your Moustache Falls Off (Fairly True Reports from a CIA Man),” courtesy of the author and his family.

(Unpublished manuscripts from archives are included in the Notes.)

BOOKS

Abel, Theodore. Why Hitler Came into Power. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Armstrong, Hamilton Fish. Hitler’s Reich: The First Phase. New York: Macmillan Co., 1933.

———. Peace and Counterpeace: From Wilson to Hitler. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

Bachrach, Susan D., United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 2000.

Baker, Jean-Claude, and Chris Chase. Josephine: The Hungry Heart. Holbrook, MA: Adams Publishing, 1995.

Bannerman, R. LeRoy. On a Note of Triumph: Norman Corwin and the Golden Years of Radio. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1986.

Beevor, Antony, and Luba Vinogradova, eds. A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941–1945. New York: Pantheon Books, 2005.

Berg, A. Scott. Lindbergh. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1998.

———. Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1978.

Bergmeier, Horst J. P., and Rainer E. Lotz. Hitler’s Airwaves: The Inside Story of Nazi Radio Broadcasting and Propaganda Swing. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997.

Best, Gary Dean. Herbert Hoover: The Postpresidential Years, 1933–1964. Vol. I, 1933–1945. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1983.

Bouton, S. Miles. And the Kaiser Abdicates. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1920.

Breitman, Richard, Barbara McDonald Stewart and Severin Hochberg, eds. Advocate for the Doomed: The Diaries and Papers of James G. McDonald, 1932–1935. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2007.

Brown, David, and W. Richard Bruner, eds. How I Got That Story: By Members of the Overseas Press Club. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1967.

Brysac, Shareen Blair. Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Burdick, Charles B. An American Island in Hitler’s Reich: The Bad Nauheim Internment. Menlo Park, CA: Markgraf Publications Group, 1987.

Burke, Bernard V. Ambassador Frederic Sackett and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1930–1933: The United States and Hitler’s Rise to Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Churchill, Winston S. The Grand Alliance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1950.

Cloud, Stanley, and Lynne Olson. The Murrow Boys: Pioneers on the Front Lines of Broadcast Journalism. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.

Conradi, Peter. Hitler’s Piano Player: The Rise and Fall of Ernst Hanfstaengl, Confidant of Hitler, Ally of FDR. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2004.

Costello, John, and Oleg Tsarev. Deadly Illusions. New York: Crown Publishers, 1993.

Craig, Gordon A., and Felix Gilbert, eds. The Diplomats: 1919–1939. Vol. II, The Thirties. New York: Atheneum Books, 1968.

Cuthbertson, Ken. Inside: The Biography of John Gunther. Chicago: Bonus Books, 1992.

Dallek, Robert. Democrat and Diplomat: The Life of William E. Dodd. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.

———. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Danzi, Michael. American Musician in Germany, 1924–1939. Schmitten, West Germany: Norbert Ruecker, 1986.

De Grazia, Victoria. Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance Through Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.

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