Andrew Nagorski - Hitlerland

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Hitlerland: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Hitler’s rise to power, Germany’s march to the abyss, as seen through the eyes of Americans—diplomats, military, expats, visiting authors, Olympic athletes—who watched horrified and up close. By tapping a rich vein of personal testimonies,
offers a gripping narrative full of surprising twists—and a startlingly fresh perspective on this heavily dissected era. Some of the Americans in Weimar and then Hitler’s Germany were merely casual observers, others deliberately blind; a few were Nazi apologists. But most slowly began to understand the horror of what was unfolding, even when they found it difficult to grasp the breadth of the catastrophe.
Among the journalists, William Shirer, Edgar Mowrer, and Dorothy Thompson were increasingly alarmed. Consul General George Messersmith stood out among the American diplomats because of his passion and courage. Truman Smith, the first American official to meet Hitler, was an astute political observer and a remarkably resourceful military attaché. Historian William Dodd, whom FDR tapped as ambassador in Hitler’s Berlin, left disillusioned; his daughter Martha scandalized the embassy with her procession of lovers from her initial infatuation with Nazis she took up with. She ended as a Soviet spy.
On the scene were George Kennan, who would become famous as the architect of containment; Richard Helms, who rose to the top of the CIA; Howard K. Smith, who would coanchor the
. The list of prominent visitors included writers Sinclair Lewis and Thomas Wolfe, famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, the great athlete Jesse Owens, newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst, and black sociologist and historian W.E.B. Dubois.
Observing Hitler and his movement up close, the most perceptive of these Americans helped their reluctant countrymen begin to understand the nature of Nazi Germany as it ruthlessly eliminated political opponents, instilled hatred of Jews and anyone deemed a member of an inferior race, and readied its military and its people for a war for global domination. They helped prepare Americans for the years of struggle ahead.

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214 “ a harmless joke”: Conradi, 209.

214 “ an elaborate hoax”: David George Marwell, “Unwonted Exile: A Biography of Ernst ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl,” Ph.D. dissertation, 13; and Marwell interviewed by author (2011).

214 Back in Berlin and rest of Lochner’s account of tracking down Hanfstaengl: Lochner, Always the Unexpected , 184–186.

215 “ I certainly would not”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary , 119.

215 “ What in the world is the use”: Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat , 271.

216 “ telegram deficiency”: Ibid., 272–273.

216 “ a historian of” and other Smith quotes: Hessen, ed., 79.

216 “ I have seldom”: Katharine Smith’s unpublished memoir.

217 “ four years’ service”: Dallek, 295.

217 “ In Berlin once more”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary , 430.

217 “ There were and are still”: Ibid., 445.

217 “ Hitler intends to”: Dallek, 332.

217 “ The Russians of”: Martha Dodd, 343.

218 “ Martha argues that”: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—the Stalin Era , 52.

218 “ frankly expressed”: Ibid., 53.

218 “ we have agreed” and subsequent encounter with Slutsky, and Martha’s statement: Ibid., 55–56.

219 “ Boris, dear!”: Ibid., 61.

CHAPTER NINE: “UNIFORMS AND GUNS”

PAGE

220 “ whether it was” and other quotes from Smith: Howard K. Smith, Last Train from Berlin , 4–16.

222 Like many wealthy undergraduates and quotes from JFK’s diary: Lubrich, ed., Travels in the Reich , 159–161.

223 “ The trip up the Rhine” and rest of diary entries along with letter from German engineer to Randolph: Rebecca McBride, “Europe 1938: Travel Diary of John F. Randolph Annotated by His Daughter,” Leo Baeck Institute Archives.

224 “ I simply draped”: Howard K. Smith, 26–27.

225 “ Murrow, Columbia Broadcasting” and Shirer about Murrow: Shirer, Berlin Diary , 79–80.

226 “ Personally, they have not” and other reflections on Berlin experiences: Ibid., 83–87.

226 “ The worst has happened”: Ibid., 95.

227 “ plays nicely”: Ibid., 90.

227 “ a shouting, hysterical”: Ibid., 97.

227 “ What’s that”: Ibid., 100.

227 “ Well , meine Damen” and rest of café scene: Ibid., 101.

227 “ Where did” and flights: Ibid., 103.

228 “ This morning when”: William L. Shirer, “ This Is Berlin”: Radio Broadcasts from Nazi Germany , 14.

228 “ entanglements” and Hoover visit to Germany: Gary Dean Best, Herbert Hoover: The Postpresidential Years, 1933–1964 , Vol. I, 1933–1945 , 103.

228 “ that Hitler was” and other Arentz quotes: Oral history interview of Samuel S. Arentz by Raymond Henle, Oct. 5, 1966, Herbert Hoover Oral History Program, box 2, Hoover. Additional details on Hoover-Hitler meeting, from Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover , 253–256.

229 Greeted by: Richard Norton Smith, 255–256.

229 “ Yes, that’s” and discussion of Russia: Arentz interviewed by Henle.

229 “ many menaces”: Best, 103.

229 “ have all the hideous”: Ibid., 104.

230 “ a longer period” and other Jacob Beam quotes: Jacob Beam’s unpublished manuscript with no title page (courtesy of Alex Beam).

231 The daughter of and rest of background of Muriel White: “American Countess Menaced with Bomb,” New York Times , Jan. 16, 1911.

231 “ Foreign women” and American Women’s Club: Sigrid Schultz, Germany Will Try It Again , 137.

231 “ commanded a hysterical”: Ibid., 135–136.

232 “ the great improvement” and other Dilling quotes about Nazi Germany: Glen Jeansonne, Women of the Far Right: The Mothers’ Movement and World War II , 13.

232 Schultz recalled seeing Dilling and exchange with young American woman and Hoffmann quote: Schultz, 136.

236 “ the principal impression” and other quotes from March 3, 1938, letter: Hugh R. Wilson, Jr., A Career Diplomat, The Third Chapter: The Third Reich , 18–21.

236 “ in the sense of”: Ibid., 21–22.

236 “ One may judge”: Ibid., 63.

237 “ the smoke and dust” and rest of letter to Hull: Ibid., 22–26.

237 “ confess that their hearts”: Ibid., 26.

237 “ of bringing our people” and Wilson’s response: Ibid., 28.

237 “ an attempt to work out”: Ibid., 37.

237 And he worried: Ibid., 38.

237 “ Twenty years ago”: Ibid., 39.

238 Among Beam’s acquaintances: Beam’s unpublished manuscript; and John V. H. Dippel, Two Against Hitler: Stealing the Nazis’ Best-Kept Secrets , which offers an extensive account of Respondek’s role. Information about Beam’s encounter with Respondek and Muckermann, along with their background information, is drawn from both of these accounts.

240 “ We had watched”: Erich von Manstein, Lost Victories , 23–24.

240 “ the spontaneous outburst”: Wilson, A Career Diplomat , 51.

240 “ stout piece of work”: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

240 “ I do think”: Nancy Harvison Hooker, ed., The Moffat Papers: Selections from the Diplomatic Journals of Jay Pierrepont Moffat, 1919–1943 , 217.

240 “ completely different” and rest of Beam’s observations: Beam, unpublished manuscript.

241 “ He’s still got”: Shirer, Berlin Diary , 142.

241 “ For if they do”: Ibid., 135.

241 “ a curious commentary” and rest of September 30 entries: Ibid., 144–145.

241 Angus Thuermer: quotes and information from Thuermer interviewed by author (2009) and Thuermer’s unpublished manuscript “What to Do if Your Moustache Falls Off.”

244 Charles Thayer and his account: Charles W. Thayer, The Unquiet Germans , 161–163.

245 Phillips Talbot and his account: Phillips Talbot letter of Dec. 27, 1938 (courtesy of Talbot and the Holocaust Museum); and Talbot interviewed by author (2009).

245 In a letter to: Wilson, A Career Diplomat , 60.

246 “ It was suggested”: Albert C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports! , 50.

247 “ tall and handsome”: Katharine Smith’s unpublished memoir, Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 6, Hoover.

247 Kätchen Smith: Kätchen interviewed by author (2010).

247 “ out-going, hard-working” and “ I hope she is not”: Katharine Smith memoir, Truman Smith Papers, boxes 4 and 6, Hoover.

247 147-page report and all quotations from report: Albert C. Wedemeyer Papers, box 6, folder 35, Hoover.

248 “ German methods”: Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports! , 50.

248 “ outstanding as”: Ibid., 52.

248 “ One of the”: Ibid., 53.

249 “ But assuredly”: Ibid., 60.

249 “ subtly revealed” and “ There would be” and “ not always discreet”: Ibid., 56–57.

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