John Gaddis: George F. Kennan: An American Life

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The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past

We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History

The United States and the End of the Cold War: Implications, Reconsiderations, Provocations

The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War

Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security

Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History

The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941–1947

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Published by the Penguin Group

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First published in 2011 by The Penguin Press,

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Copyright © John Lewis Gaddis, 2011

All rights reserved

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA

Gaddis, John Lewis.

George F. Kennan : an American life / John Lewis Gaddis.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN : 978-1-101-54810-3

1. Kennan, George F. (George Frost), 1904–2005. 2. United States—Foreign relations—1945–1989. 3. World politics—1945–1989. 4. United States—Foreign relations—Soviet Union. 5. Soviet Union—Foreign relations—United States. 6. Cold war—Diplomatic history. 7. Diplomats—United States—Biography. 8. Ambassadors—United States—Biography. I. Title.

E748.K374G34 2011

327.730092—dc23

[B] 2011021786

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In each case, interviewers are listed under the names of interviewees. Unless otherwise indicated, copies of all JLG interviews are in the George F. Kennan Papers, Seeley G. Mudd Library, Princeton University. ADST is the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, available on-line through the Library of Congress American Memory Project.