John Gaddis - George F. Kennan - An American Life

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Winner of the Pulitzer Prize Winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award
Selected by
as a Notable Book of the Year
Drawing on extensive interviews with George Kennan and exclusive access to his archives, an eminent scholar of the Cold War delivers a revelatory biography of its troubled mastermind. In the late 1940s, George Kennan wrote two documents, the “Long Telegram” and the “X Article,” which set forward the strategy of containment that would define U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union for the next four decades. This achievement alone would qualify him as the most influential American diplomat of the Cold War era. But he was also an architect of the Marshall Plan, a prizewinning historian, and would become one of the most outspoken critics of American diplomacy, politics, and culture during the last half of the twentieth century. Now the full scope of Kennan’s long life and vast influence is revealed by one of today’s most important Cold War scholars.
Yale historian John Lewis Gaddis began this magisterial history almost thirty years ago, interviewing Kennan frequently and gaining complete access to his voluminous diaries and other personal papers. So frank and detailed were these materials that Kennan and Gaddis agreed that the book would not appear until after Kennan’s death. It was well worth the wait: the journals give this book a breathtaking candor and intimacy that match its century-long sweep.
We see Kennan’s insecurity as a Midwesterner among elites at Princeton, his budding dissatisfaction with authority and the status quo, his struggles with depression, his gift for satire, and his sharp insights on the policies and people he encountered. Kennan turned these sharp analytical gifts upon himself, even to the point of regularly recording dreams. The result is a remarkably revealing view of how this greatest of Cold War strategists came to doubt his strategy and always doubted himself.
This is a landmark work of history and biography that reveals the vast influence and rich inner landscape of a life that both mirrored and shaped the century it spanned.

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Kennan, Grace (daughter)

adolescence of

in Berlin

birth of

childhood of

marriage of (McClatchy)

in Moscow

in Prague

schooling of

Kennan (Hotchkiss), Jeanette (sister):

and biographies

childhood of

death of

and George’s career

and George’s children

George’s letters to

and George’s marriage

husband of (Hotchkiss)

and money matters

personal traits of

recollections of

schooling of

Kennan, Joan Elisabeth (daughter)

adolescence of

and Alliluyeva

birth of

childhood of

in college

engagement and marriage of (Griggs)

in Geneva

and her father’s travels

in Moscow

recollections of

Kennan, Kent (half-brother)

childhood of

death of

Kennan’s letters to

in Moscow

as musician

recollections of

studies of

Kennan, Kossuth Kent (father)

aging and death of

birth and background of

and first George Kennan

and George at Princeton

and George’s career

jobs of

and money matters

remarriage of

Kennan, Louise Wheeler (stepmother)

Kennan, Nellie McGregor Pierpont (father’s first wife)

Kennan, Thomas Lathrop (grandfather)

Kennan, Wendy (daughter):

birth of

childhood of

and son’s birth

Kennan family:

background of

common qualities in

reunions of

Kennedy, Jacqueline

Kennedy, John F.

assassination of

and Berlin Wall

and election

fact-finding mission of (1938)

and Kennan Foreign Affairs article

and Khrushchev

and Reith lectures

and Yugoslavia

Kennedy, Joseph P.

Kennedy, Paul

Kennedy, Robert F.

Kennedy administration:

and Cuban missile crisis

and Kennan’s career

and Latin America

trade expansiion bill

and Yugoslavia

Kerr, Archibald Clark

Keynes, John Maynard

Khrushchev, Nikita

and Belgrade channel

and Berlin

and Cuban missile crisis

deposed

and Kennedy

and Stalin

and Tito

Kim Il-sung

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

King, William L. Mackenzie

Kirk, Alan G.

Kirk, Alexander

Kirk, Lydia Chapin

Kirov, Sergei

Kissinger, Henry A.

and China

and Nixon

on nuclear weapons

regard for Kennan

Klein, David

Klunk, Fred

Knowland, William

Knox, Frank

Kohl, Helmut

Kohler, Foy

Komer, Robert

Korea:

postwar occupation of

38th parallel in

U.S. abandonment of

Korean War

Kossuth, Louis

Kosygin, Aleksey

Kozhenikov, Shura

Kozhenikov, Vladimir “Volodya,”

Kozhenikov family

Kreuger, Ivar

Kristiansand, see Norway

Krock, Arthur

Kropotkin, Pyotr

Kuhn, Ferdinand

Kuniholm, Bertel E.

Langer, William L.

Lansing, Robert

Laos

Latin America:

authoritarian regimes in

Kennan’s travel to

Lawrence, William H.

League of Nations

Leahy, William D.

Lenin, V. I.

Leopold, Richard W.

Lewis, Sinclair

Lilienthal, David E.

Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Lincoln, Abraham

Lindbergh, Charles

Link, Arthur S.

Lippmann, Walter

and Cold War

on containment

death of

on Germany

Kennan’s letters to

and Marshall Plan

and “X” article

Litvinov, Maxim

Long, Huey

Lovett, Robert M.

Lowell, Robert

Luce, Henry

Lukacs, John

MacArthur, Douglas:

and China

and Japan

and Korean War

Truman’s firing of

MacDonald, Betty, The Egg and I,

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Machrowicz, Thaddeus

Maclean, Donald

MacMurray, John Van Antwerp

MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour (TV)

Mahan, Alfred Thayer

Makins, Roger

Malik, Jacob

Manhattan Project

Manila, Kennan’s “short telegram” from

Mann, Thomas

Mano, Tony and Ana

Mao Zedong

and civil war

and Korea

and Soviet Union

Marcy, Carl

Marder, Murrey

Marshall, Charles Burton

Marshall, George C.

and China

and European defense

and Japan

methods of

and Policy Planning Staff

as secretary of defense

as secretary of state

and Soviet Union

and Truman

and “X” article

Marshall Plan

administration of

Congressional approval of

costs of

and European division

and European recovery

expansion of

Kennan’s contributions to

and Lippmann

as PPS/1

roots of

and Soviet Union

success of

and Truman Doctrine

and “X” article

Marx, Harpo

Marx, Karl

Marxism

Masarik, Hubert

Masaryk, Jan

Masaryk, Tomáš

Mason, Paul

Matlock, Jack

Matthews, H. Freeman “Doc,”

Maury, John

Mausolff, Paul

Mautner, Martha

McCarthy, Joseph

McCarthyism

McClatchy, Charles K.

McCloy, John J.

McDermott, Michael

McFarlane, Robert

McGhee, George

McGovern, George S.

McGrory, Mary

McMillan, Priscilla

McNamara, Robert S.

McSweeney, John

Medal of Freedom

Meiklejohn, Robert

Melby, John

Merrill, Keith

Messersmith, George

Messolonghitis, Nick

Metternich, Klemens

Meyner, Robert

Middle East:

access to oil in

Kennan’s travel to

Soviet presence in

Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw

Mikoyan, Anastas

Millar, F.M. Hoyer

Miller, Edward G.

Mills, Wilbur

Milwaukee Journal

Miscamble, Wilson D., George F. Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy , 1947–1950

Molotov, Vyacheslav

and international conferences

and Smith-Molotov exchange

and Truman

Moltke, Helmuth von

Mommsen, Theodor

Monroe Doctrine

Moore, R. Walton

Morgenthau, Hans

Politics Among Nations

Morris, Leland

Moscow:

Finnsky Dom in

Kennan’s assignment to

Kennan’s return to

life in

Mokhovaya in

progress in

socializing in

Spaso House in

spies in

U.S. embassy in

Mosely, Philip

Mountbatten, Louis, 1st Earl

Mumford, Lewis

Munich conference (1938)

Murphy, Robert

Mussolini, Benito

Nagawicka (boat)

Nagy, Imre

Napoleon Bonaparte

Nasser, Gamal Abdel

National Committee for a Free Europe

National Institute of Arts and Letters

National Security Council

and atomic weapons

and CIA

establishment of

and Germany

and Japan

NSC 1/1, “The Position of the U.S. with Respect to Italy,”

NSC 20/4, on Soviet Union

NSC 48/2 and Korea

NSC 68, on national security

NSDD-75, on Soviet-U.S. relations

and Project Solarium

National War College

Acheson’s lectures in

establishment of

Kennan’s assignment to

Kennan’s lectures in

Oppenheimer’s lecture in

purpose of

and Task Force A

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):

and Able Archer maneuvers

and Berlin

and defense conferences

expansion of

functions of

and German unification

Kennan’s distaste for

and Kennan’s lectures

and Korea

membership in

nuclear doctrines of

and PPS papers

signing of

and Suez

Naval War College

Navy, U.S., in Taiwan Strait

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Nehru, Jawaharlal

Nenni, Pietro

Neumann, John von

New Yorker, The

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