John Gaddis - George F. Kennan - An American Life

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Winner of the Pulitzer Prize Winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award
Selected by
as a Notable Book of the Year
Drawing on extensive interviews with George Kennan and exclusive access to his archives, an eminent scholar of the Cold War delivers a revelatory biography of its troubled mastermind. In the late 1940s, George Kennan wrote two documents, the “Long Telegram” and the “X Article,” which set forward the strategy of containment that would define U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union for the next four decades. This achievement alone would qualify him as the most influential American diplomat of the Cold War era. But he was also an architect of the Marshall Plan, a prizewinning historian, and would become one of the most outspoken critics of American diplomacy, politics, and culture during the last half of the twentieth century. Now the full scope of Kennan’s long life and vast influence is revealed by one of today’s most important Cold War scholars.
Yale historian John Lewis Gaddis began this magisterial history almost thirty years ago, interviewing Kennan frequently and gaining complete access to his voluminous diaries and other personal papers. So frank and detailed were these materials that Kennan and Gaddis agreed that the book would not appear until after Kennan’s death. It was well worth the wait: the journals give this book a breathtaking candor and intimacy that match its century-long sweep.
We see Kennan’s insecurity as a Midwesterner among elites at Princeton, his budding dissatisfaction with authority and the status quo, his struggles with depression, his gift for satire, and his sharp insights on the policies and people he encountered. Kennan turned these sharp analytical gifts upon himself, even to the point of regularly recording dreams. The result is a remarkably revealing view of how this greatest of Cold War strategists came to doubt his strategy and always doubted himself.
This is a landmark work of history and biography that reveals the vast influence and rich inner landscape of a life that both mirrored and shaped the century it spanned.

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Hilldring, John

Hillenkoetter, Roscoe

Hiss, Alger

Hitler, Adolf

and Chamberlain

German opponents of

and Holocaust

and Nazi-Soviet Pact

and Poland

and public opinion

rise to power

and succession

see also Germany

Ho Chi Minh

Hochschild, Harold

Hoffman, Paul G.

Hoffmann, Stanley

Holbrooke, Richard

Holland, German invasion of

Holmes, John

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.

Holocaust

Holt, Henry

Hong Kong

Hook, Sidney

Hoover, Herbert

Hoover, J. Edgar

Hopkins, Harry

Horowitz, Vladimir

Hotchkiss, Eugene

House, Edward M.

Howard, Michael

Hoxha, Enver

Huddle, J. Klahr

Hughes, Emmet John

Hull, Cordell

Hungary

Ickes, Harold L.

Institute for Advanced Russian Studies

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton:

founding of

governance of

and historical scholarship

Kennan as professor emeritus of

Kennan’s hundredth birthday celebrated in

Kennan’s office closed in

Kennan’s work with

and McCarthyism

Oppenheimer as director of

Iran:

Soviet troops in

U.S. hostages in

Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas, The Wise Men

Israel, establishment of

Italy:

Communist Party in

postwar occupation of

war declared by

Ivan the Terrible

Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop,”

James, Alfred (grandfather)

James, Charlie (cousin)

childhood of

Kennan’s letters to

James family

Jameson, Donald “Jamie,”

Japan:

atomic bombs dropped on

and balance of power

demilitarization of

Kennan’s visits to

and Korea

postwar occupation of

surrender of

in World War II

Jaruzelski, Wojciech

Jebb, Gladwyn

Jenkins, Peter

Jerusalem, U.S. consulate in

Jessup, Philip

Jews:

and anti-Semitism

and Israel

Kristallnacht

rescue efforts for

and Zionism

John Paul II, Pope

Johnson, Joseph E.

Johnson, Lady Bird

Johnson, Louis A.

Johnson, Lyndon B.

Johnson, Stuart H.

Johnson administration

Joint Chiefs of Staff:

and atomic weapons

and China

and Korea

and postwar Germany

Jomini, Antoine-Henri

Jones, Hilary P.

Jones, Owen T.

Journal of American History

Joxe, Louis

Kaganovich, Lazar

Kalinin, Mikhail

Kallin, Anna

Kantorowicz, Ernst “Eka,”

Kaunda, Kenneth

Kaysen, Carl

Kelley, Robert F.

Kellogg, Frank B.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Kennan, Annelise Sørensen (wife)

and aging

in Berlin

children of

death of

and the farm

and George’s career

and George’s health

and George’s personality

and George’s writings

letters between George and

in Lisbon

marriage of George and

and money matters

in Moscow

in Norway

in Oxford

in Prague

U.S. citizenship of

in Washington

in Yugoslavia

Kennan, Christopher James (son)

birth of

childhood of

in Moscow

schooling of

Kennan (Brandt), Constance (sister):

death of

recollections of

Kennan (Worobec), Florence James (mother)

bequest of

children of

death of

family background of

Kennan, Frances (sister):

death of

and money matters

recollections of

Kennan, George (1845–1924)

death of

meeting of George F. and

parallels with George F. Kennan

proposed biography of

reputation of

Siberia and Hard Labor

wife of

Kennan, George Frost:

adolescence of

aging of

awards and honors to

biographies of

birth of

and boats

career decisions of

childhood of

as color-blind

and covert activities

death of

dreams of

engagement to Annelise Sørensen

engagement to Eleanor Hard

entering politics

European trip (1924)

family background of

and the farm

and fatherhood

and finances

and foreign languages

and Foreign Service, see Foreign Service, U.S.; specific venues ; State Department, U.S.

grandchildren of

and greatness

health problems of

as historian

influence of

internment in Nazi Germany

and Korean War

lectures and public speeches by

and loneliness

and marriage see also Kennan, Annelise Sørensen

and Marshall Plan, see Marshall Plan

media stories about

mood swings of

and mother’s death

and music

personal traits of

and political parties

and PPS, see Policy Planning Staff

and Princeton

professionalism of

and religion

reputation of

and retirement

schooling of

siblings of

solipsism of

on student protests

as teacher

Templehof statement of

and thoughts of death

waning influence of

and women

writings of, see Kennan, George Frost, diaries of; poems by; writings of

Kennan, George Frost, diaries of:

and Africa

on aging

complaints against civilization in

descriptive passages in

earliest entries in

on Foreign Service postings

gloomy passages in

on his family

on Korean War

and posterity

and return to Germany

on Russian history

self-absorption reflected in

self-examinations in

and Task Force A

on traveling

Kennan, George Frost, poems by

on European travel

“From out this world of stars,”

“From you, embattled comrades,”

“Frown not, fair pilgrim,”

on his diary

“How long before the unctuous fly,”

“My corporal’s lot,”

“My friends,”

“My Soldier,”

“Now student A has started,”

to PPS

“The steady flow of words,”

“When the step becomes slow,”

Kennan, George Frost, writings of:

ambitions for

“America and the Russian Future,”

American Diplomacy: 1900–1950,

An American Family: The Kennans; The First Three Generations

“Anton Chekhov and the Bolsheviks,”

Around the Cragged Hill: A Personal and Political Philosophy

Chichele lectures published

The Cloud of Danger: Current Realities of American Foreign Policy

competence of

on containment

The Decision to Intervene

The Decline of Bismarck’s European Order: Franco-Russian Relations , 1875–1890

Democracy and the Student Left

diary entries as practice for

“Government,”

“The International Control of Atomic Energy,”

“Is War with Russia Inevitable?,”

“Japanese Security and American Policy,”

long telegram (No. 511)

Memoirs: 1925–1950,

Memoirs: 1950–63,

On Dealing with the Communist World

on postwar U.S.

PPS papers, see Policy Planning Staff

“The Prerequisites,”

prolixity of

Realities of American Foreign Policy

Reith lectures

“Runo—An Island Relic of Medieval Sweden,”

Russia, the Atom, and the West

Russia and the West Under Lenin and Stalin

Russia Leaves the War

“Russia—Seven Years Later,”

“Russia’s International Position at the Close of the War with Germany,”

Sketches from a Life

“The Sources of Soviet Conduct” (“X” article)

White Paper on China

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