James Frazer - The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead, Volume 2 (of 3)

So apparently we must interpret Mariner's brief statement "and the contrary of good" ( Tonga Islands , ii. 98).

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 101.

W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 424, note *.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 104.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 105.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 105 sq.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 106 sq.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 108.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 205-208; compare id. 7, note *, 108.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 112 sq. Compare Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean (London, 1799), pp. 277 sq. Móooi is the Polynesian god or hero whose name is usually spelled Maui. See Horatio Hale, United States Exploring Expedition, Ethnography and Philology , p. 23; E. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary , pp. 233 sqq. s. v. "Maui."

Adonis, Attis, Osiris , i. 197 sqq.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 109, 114 sq. ; Horatio Hale, United States Exploring Expedition, Ethnography and Philology , pp. 24 sq.

Jérôme Grange, in Annales de la Propagation de la Foi , xvii. (1845) p. 11; Charles Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition , iii. 23; Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands , p. 133. According to this last writer it was only the low islands that were fished up by Maui; the high islands were thrown down from the sky by the god Hikuleo.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 272, ii. 114 sq. The Catholic missionary Jérôme Grange was told that the hook in question existed down to his time (1843), but that only the king might see it, since it was certain death to anybody else to look on it. See Annales de la Propagation de la Foi , xvii. (1845) p. 11.

W. Mariner, Tonga Island , ii. 104 sq.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii, 107 sq.

The ifi tree, of which the leaves were used by the Tongans in many religious ceremonies, is a species of chestnut ( Inocarpus edulis ) which grows in Indonesia, but is thought to be a native of America. It is supposed that the Polynesians brought the seeds of this tree with them into the Pacific, where it is said to be a cultivated plant. See S. Percy Smith, Hawaiki, the Original Home of the Maori (Christchurch, etc., New Zealand, 1910), p. 146. To wear a wreath of the leaves round the neck, and to sit with the head bowed down, constituted the strongest possible expression of humility and entreaty. See E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society , xxx. (1921) p. 159.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 163 sq.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 216-219. As to the rule that nobility descended only in the female line, through mothers, not through fathers, see id. ii. 84, 95 sq. ; J. Dumont d'Urville, Voyage de l'Astrolabe, Histoire du Voyage , iv. 239.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 220.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 194, note *; compare 434, note *.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 221.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 80 sq.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 136-138.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 99-101. Compare E. E. V. Collocot, "Notes on Tongan Religion," Journal of the Polynesian Society , xxx. (1921) pp. 155-157.

W. Mariner, op. cit. ii. 224.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 350-360.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 438 sq. , ii. 210-212; Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean , pp. 239, 278; John Williams, Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands , pp. 470 sq. ; Jérôme Grange, in Annales de la Propagation de la Foi , xvii. (1845) pp. 12, 26; Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands , p. 128.

Captain James Cook, Voyages , iii. 204, v. 421 sq. However, in a footnote to the latter passage Captain Cook gives the correct explanation of the custom on the authority of Captain King: "It is common for the inferior people to cut off a joint of their little finger, on account of the sickness of the chiefs to whom they belong."

Labillardière, Relation du Voyage à la recherche de la Pérouse (Paris, 1800), ii. 151.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 79, 268.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 208 sq.

W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 366.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , i. 438 sq. ; compare id. ii. 214.

W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 367 sq.

Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean , pp. 238-240.

Captain James Wilson, op. cit. p. 240.

Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean , p. 257.

Captain James Wilson, op. cit. , p. 278. This Ambler was a man of very indifferent, not to say infamous, character, but he rendered the missionaries considerable service by instructing them in the Tongan language, which he spoke fluently. See Captain James Wilson, op. cit. pp. 98, 244 sq.

See Adonis, Attis, Osiris , Third Edition, ii. 219 sqq.

W. Mariner, Tonga Islands , ii. 127 sq.

W. Mariner, op. cit. i. 419, ii. 99, 128 sq.

Captain James Cook, Voyages , v. 423.

Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean , pp. 278 sq.

Quoted by Miss Sarah S. Farmer, Tonga and the Friendly Islands , p. 131. As to Veeson, see id. pp. 78, 85 sqq. The title of his book is given (p. 87) as Authentic Narrative of a Four Years' Residence in Tongataboo (London: Longman & Co., 1815). I have not seen the book. The man's name is given as Vason by (Sir) Basil Thomson in his Diversions of a Prime Minister (Edinburgh and London, 1894), pp. 326, 327, 329, 331; but his real name seems to have been George Veeson. See Captain James Wilson, Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean , pp. 6, 230.