Napoleon III - History of Julius Caesar Vol. 1 of 2

Stephanus of Byzantium, under the word Λακεδαἱμων, p. 413.

Pausanias, Laconia , xxi.

Titus Livius, XXXIV. 29.

Pausanias, Arcadia , xlv.

Pausanias, Arcadia , xli. Thirty-six columns out of thirty-eight are still standing.

Pliny, Natural History , XIX. i. 4.

Pausanias, Elis , II. 23 and 24.

Pausanias, Elis , I. ii.

Strabo, VIII. § 10, 19.

Pausanias, Corinth , xxviii. 1.

Pausanias, Corinth , xxvii.

“Goods were not obliged to make the circuit by Corinth; a direct road crossed the isthmus in the narrowest part, and they had even established there a system of rollers on which vessels of small tonnage were transported from one sea to the other.” (Strabo, VIII. ii. § 3. – Polybius, IV. 19.)

Pausanias, Attica , ii.

Cicero, De Republica , II. 4. – Strabo, VIII. vi. § 20.

Strabo, VIII. vi. § 23. – Pliny, Natural History , XXXV. x. § 36.

Arrian, Expedition of Alexander , I. xvi. 4. – Velleius Paterculus, I. 40. – Plutarch, Alexander , 16.

Athenæus, VI. 272.

Titus Livius, XXXII. 16.

Titus Livius, XLV. 18, 29.

Titus Livius, XLII. 12.

“These were, in money, 100 talents (582,000 francs [£23,280]), and in wheat, 100,000 artabæ (52,500 hectolitres); and also considerable quantities of ship-building timber, tar, lead, and iron.” (Polybius, V. 89.)

About 1,164,000 francs [£46,560]. Perseus had promised him twice as much. (Titus Livius, XLII. 67.)

Titus Livius, XLIV. 42.

Titus Livius, XLIV. 41.

Titus Livius, XLV. 82.

Titus Livius, XLV. 33.

It lasted three days: the first was hardly sufficient to pass in review the 250 chariots laden with statues and paintings; the second day, it was the turn of the arms, placed on cars, which were followed by 3,000 warriors carrying 750 urns full of money; each, borne by four men, contained three talents (the whole amounting to more than 13 millions of francs [£520,000]). After them came those who carried vessels of silver, chased and wrought. On the third day appeared in the triumphal procession those who carried the gold coins, with 77 urns, each of which contained three talents (the total about 17 millions [£680,000]); next came a consecrated cup, of the weight of ten talents, and enriched with precious stones, made by order of the Roman general. All this preceded the prisoners, Perseus and his household; and, lastly, came the car of the triumphant general. (Plutarch, Paulus Æmilius , 32, 33.)

Titus Livius, XLV. 40.

Polybius, IV. 38, 44, 45.

Aristotle, Politics , VI. 4, § 1. – Ælian, Various Histories , III. 14.

Strabo, VII. vi. § 2; XII. iii. § 11.

Cicero, Oration for the Law Manilia , vi.

Plutarch, Sylla , xxv.

Especially the fish called pelamydes , objects of research throughout Greece. (Strabo, VII. vi. § 2; XII. iii. § 11, § 19.)

Strabo, XII. iii. § 19.

Strabo, XII. iii. § 13. Gadilonitis extended to the south-west of Amisus ( Samsoun ).

Polybius, V. 44, 55. – Ezekiel xxvii. 13, 14.

Xenophon, Retreat of the Ten Thousand , V. v. 34. – Homer, Iliad , II. 857.

Strabo, XII. iii. § 19.

There passed in the procession a statue of gold of the King of Pontus, six feet high, with his shield set with precious stones, twenty stands covered with vases of silver, thirty-two others full of vases of gold, with arms of the same metal, and with gold coinage; these stands were carried by men followed by eight mules loaded with golden beds, and after whom came fifty-six others carrying ingots of silver, and a hundred and seven carrying all the silver money, amounting to 2,700,000 drachmas (2,619,000 francs [£104,760]). (Plutarch, Lucullus , xxxvii.)

Plutarch, Lucullus , xxiii.

Strabo, XII. iii. § 13, 14.

Appian, War against Mithridates , lxxviii.

Plutarch, Lucullus , xiv.

See what is reported by Plutarch ( Lucullus , xxix.) of the riches and objects of art of every species with which Tigranocerta was crammed.

Appian, Wars of Mithridates , xiii. p. 658; xv. p. 662; xvii. p. 664.

Appian, Wars of Mithridates , xvii. 664. Lesser Armenia furnished 1,000 horsemen. Mithridates had a hundred and thirty chariots armed with scythes.

Strabo, XII. iv. § 2. – Stephanus Byzantinus, under the word Νικομἡδειον. – Pliny, Natural History , V. xxxii. 149.

Strabo, XII. iii. § 6.

Appian, Wars of Mithridates , xvii.

Strabo, XII. v. § 7.

Strabo (XII. v. § 3) tells us that Pessinus was the greatest mart of the province.

Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 23.

Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 26.

Diodorus Siculus, XVIII. 16.

Strabo, XII. ii. § 10.

About 3,500,000 francs [£140,000]. (Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 37.) See Appian, Wars of Syria , xlii. – “Demetrius obtained soon afterwards a thousand talents (5,821,000 francs [£232,840]) from Olophernes for having established him on the throne of Cappadocia.” (Appian, Wars of Syria , xlvii.)

Strabo, XII. ii. 7, 8.

Falkener, Ephesus : London, 1862.

Natural History , V. xxx. 126.

It was thence that the fleets of the kings of Pergamus put to sea. (Titus Livius, XXXVIII. 40; XLIV. 28.)

The name of Pergamus is preserved in our modern languages in the word “parchment” ( pergamena ), which was used to designate the skin which was prepared in that town to serve as paper, after the Ptolemies had prohibited the exportation of Egyptian papyrus.