Оуэн Мэтьюз - Glorious Misadventures - Nikolai Rezanov and the Dream of a Russian America

2 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 70.

3 D’Wolf, Voyage to the North Pacific , p. 26.

4 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 87.

5 Rezanov to Gideon from Sitka, 11 September 1805, Gideon, Voyage , p. 90.

6 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , vol. 2, p. 157.

7 D’Wolf, Voyage to the North Pacific , p. 28.

8 When the pound went on the gold standard in 1823 the exchange rate was£1 = $4.86. In 1803 the pound was worth somewhat less than this because of the Napoleonic Wars.

9 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , vol. 2, p. 160.

10 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 89.

11 D’Wolf, Voyage to the North Pacific , p. 29.

12 Letter to Professor Blumenbach of Göttingen, February 1806 in Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 102.

13 Ibid., p. 99.

14 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 69.

15 Rezanov’s second secret letter to the RAC, 15 February 1806, in Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , p. 190.

16 Ibid., p. 193.

17 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 43.

18 Ibid., p. 45.

19 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , vol. 2, p. 165.

20 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 70.

21 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 73.

22 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 85.

23 Ibid., vol. 2, letter to Professor Blumenbach of Göttingen, February 1806, p. 110.

24 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 103.

25 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , vol. 2, p. 157.

26 Ibid., p. 196.

27 D’Wolf, Voyage to the North Pacific , p. 42.

28 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, letter to Professor Blumenbach of Göttingen, February 1806, p. 99.

29 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 92.

30 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 93.

31 Ibid.

32 Ibid.

33 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 96.

34 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 7.

35 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 98.

17. Conchita

1 Jeremy Atiyah, The Great Land: How Western America Nearly Became a Russian Possession , Parker press, Portland 2008, p. vii.

2 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 98.

3 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 140.

4 Stephen A. Ambrose, Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the West , Simon & Schuster, New York 1996, p. 322.

5 Elin Woodger and Brandon Toropov , Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition , Infobase Publishing, 2004, p. 150.

6 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 145.

7 Ibid., vol. 2, p. 183.

8 8 April in the Western calendar.

9 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 11.

10 Ibid.

11 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , p. 150.

12 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 7.

13 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , p. 153.

14 Ibid., p. 152.

15 The mission, its roof supported on squat adobe pillars, still stands, and gives its name to the surrounding district, which is still predominantly Spanish-speaking.

16 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 15.

17 Vancouver, A Voyage of Discovery , vol. 2, pp. 502–3.

18 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 18.

19 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 154.

20 Ibid., p. 180.

21 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 14.

22 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 163.

23 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 28.

24 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , p. 178.

25 Ibid., p. 178.

18. Love and Ambition

1 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , p. 181.

2 Ibid., p. 180.

3 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 37.

4 Ibid., p. 64.

5 Eve Iverson, ed. by Richard A. Pierce, The Romance of Nikolai Rezanov and Concepción Arguello: A Literary Legend and its Effect on Californian History , University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks 1998, p. 85.

6 Thomas Russell, Notes to The Rezanov Voyage to Nueva California in 1806 , Thomas Russell, San Francisco 1926, p. 83.

7 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 62.

8 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 181.

9 Ibid., p. 179.

10 Rezanov letter to Iturrigaria, Dmitryshkin, Russian American Colonies , p. 109.

11 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , p. 177.

12 Indeed when Rezanov arrived in April the governor had only just heard the previous autumn’s European sensation – that Prussia had entered the Third Coalition, heralding another round of European war.

13 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 37.

14 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 180.

15 Ibid., p. 183.

16 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 64.

17 Ibid., p. 64.

18 Ibid., p. 38.

19 Iverson, Romance , p. 100.

20 Ibid., p. 101.

21 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 39.

22 Ibid., p. 181.

23 Langsdorff, Voyages and Travels , vol. 2, p. 185.

19. I will never see you – I will never forget you

1 Rezanov’s second secret letter to the RAC, 15 February 1806, in Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , p. 190.

2 Surnik, Poslednee pismo Rezanova .

3 In 1795 Governor Diego de Borica issued Arguello a Spanish land grant for the Rancho de las Pulgas – the Ranch of the Fleas. This was the largest grant on the San Francisco Peninsula and consisted of 35,260 acres (142.7 square kilometres) in present-day San Mateo County. It encompasses the present-day towns of San Mateo, Belmont, San Carlos, Redwood City, Atherton and Menlo Park. See Moessner, ‘The First Russian Ambassador to Japan’ .

4 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 21.

5 Ibid., p. 47.

6 Sunday, 11 January 1931, Iverson, Romance , p. 135.

7 Rezanov, Voyage to Nueva California , p. 52.

8 Engstrom, Baranov, p. 166.

9 Ibid., p. 162.

10 Istomin, ‘Dva Varianta Pisma’.

11 The second copy is now lost.

12 24 Jan 1807, Istomin, ‘Dva Varianta Pisma’.

13 Secret instruction left by Rezanov to Baranov, 20 July 1806, Yudin Collection, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 11.

14 Lopatnikov, ‘Nikolai Rezanov’.

20. The Weeping Country

1 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company , vol. 2, p. 101.

2 Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Horner-Nachlass, Ms.M.5,60.

3 Quoted in Moessner, ‘The First Russian Ambassador to Japan’.

4 Langsdorff continued, ‘The deceased, as one is wont to say, now may be answering before God’s judgement chair for all of his cruelties and heinous deeds. As with everyone, Rezanov cheated the Spaniards here [in California]. He claimed our ship was on a voyage of discovery and purchased with contraband goods – to Russia’s shame – grain and flour to stave off the threat of starvation in Sitka.’

5 Langsdorff to Krusenstern, Tobolsk, 20 December 1807, Archive of the Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Fond 31, 1, 11.

6 Tikhmenev, Russian American Company p. 101.

7 Ibid., p. 102.

8 Sitka, 23 March 1806, quoted in Sverdlov, ‘Rezanov: Obraz I Lichnost’.

9 See Leonid Sverdlov, A. V. Postnikov (ed), Krusenstern i Rezanov Argo, Moscow, 2006.

10 See Vice Admiral Shishkov’s Preface to Gavriil Davydov, tr. by Colin Bearne,ed. by Richard A. Pierce, Two Voyages to Russian America 1802–1807 , St Petersburg 1810, reprinted by Limestone Press, Kingston, Ontario 1977, p. 4.