Hampton Sides - Hellhound on His Trail - The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. And the International Hunt for His Assassin

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NATIONAL BESTSELLER
,
,
,
,
,
Edgar Award Nominee
One of the Best Books of the Year:
From the acclaimed bestselling author of
and
, a taut, intense narrative about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the largest manhunt in American history. On April 23, 1967, Prisoner #416J, an inmate at the notorious Missouri State Penitentiary, escaped in a breadbox. Fashioning himself Eric Galt, this nondescript thief and con man—whose real name was James Earl Ray—drifted through the South, into Mexico, and then Los Angeles, where he was galvanized by George Wallace’s racist presidential campaign. On February 1, 1968, two Memphis garbage men were crushed to death in their hydraulic truck, provoking the exclusively African American workforce to go on strike. Hoping to resuscitate his faltering crusade, King joined the sanitation workers’ cause, but their march down Beale Street, the historic avenue of the blues, turned violent. Humiliated, King fatefully vowed to return to Memphis in April. With relentless storytelling drive, Sides follows Galt and King as they crisscross the country, one stalking the other, until the crushing moment at the Lorraine Motel when the drifter catches up with his prey. Against the backdrop of the resulting nationwide riots and the pathos of King’s funeral, Sides gives us a riveting cross-cut narrative of the assassin’s flight and the sixty-five-day search that led investigators to Canada, Portugal, and England—a massive manhunt ironically led by Hoover’s FBI. Magnificent in scope, drawing on a wealth of previously unpublished material, this nonfiction thriller illuminates one of the darkest hours in American life—an example of how history is so often a matter of the petty bringing down the great. Amazon.com Review Amazon Best Books of the Month, April 2010
Hellhound on His Trail
Hellhound on His Trail
--Lynette Mong David Grann Reviews *Hellhound on His Trail
David Grann is most recently the author of
as well as the #1
bestseller
. Read his review of
:
Hampton Sides has long been one of the great narrative nonfiction writers of our time, excavating essential pieces of American history--from the daring rescue of POWs during World War II to the settling of the West--and bringing them vividly to life. Now in his new book,
, he applies his enormous gifts to one of the most important and heart-wrenching chapters in U.S. history: the stalking and assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., by James Earl Ray. The book chronicles the terrifying collision of these two figures. In 1967, King was struggling to complete his monumental Civil Rights crusade and to maintain, amid the rise of more militant factions, the movement’s nonviolent nobility. While King increasingly intuits his own death, Ray has begun to track him down. Through Sides’ prodigious research, Ray emerges as one of the eeriest characters, a prison escapee and racist who wears alligator shoes and is constantly transforming himself, changing names and physical appearances. He is determined to become somebody, to insert himself into the national consciousness, through a single unthinkable act of violence. Sides illuminates not only the forces that culminated in King’s assassination; he also reveals the largely forgotten story of how his death led to the largest manhunt in American history. Almost unfathomably, it is J. Edgar Hoover, the person who had long hoped for King’s destruction and had even spied on him, who ultimately brings King’s killer to justice. Hellhound on His Trail

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751 Sammy Joe Chapman:This passage involving the bloodhounds is largely drawn from my interview with Sammy Joe Chapman, Sept. 2009. I also relied on "How the Mountain Men Did It," Time , June 27, 1977, pp. 11-12, and "Back in Cell: Ray Brought to Bay by Two Bloodhounds," Washington Post , June 14, 1977, p. 1.

752 "For a 49-year-old man":"How the Mountain Men Did It," p. 11.

753 "It's disappointing being caught":McKinley, "Interview with James Earl Ray," p. 94.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS

City of Memphis v. Martin Luther King Jr. et al. , April 3, 1968. Hearing proceedings.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. MURKIN Files. King Assassination Documents, FBI Central Headquarters. Viewed on microfilm at Stanford University's Cecil H. Green Library.

House Select Committee on Assassinations. U.S. Congress. Investigation of the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.: Appendix Reports , Vols. 1-13. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.

------. Investigation of the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.: The Final Assassinations Report . New York: Bantam, 1979.

State of Tennessee v. James Earl Ray . Shelby County Criminal Court, div. 3, Tenn., 1969. Proceedings.

United States of America v. James Earl Ray . Extradition proceedings.

U.S. Justice Department. "Report of the Department of Justice Task Force to Review the FBI Martin Luther King Jr. Security and Assassination Investigations," Jan. 11, 1977.

ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, AND MUSEUMS

Hughes, B. Venson Collection on the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Germantown, Tenn. Collection includes unpublished crime scene and evidentiary photos, Memphis Police Department files, police dispatcher audio files, rare and unpublished FBI reports, and other investigation documents.

Birmingham Civil Rights Institute, Birmingham, Ala.

British Library Newspaper Archives, Colindale, U.K.

Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University. Collections consulted include the Gerald Posner Papers, the letters of James Earl Ray, and the Martin Luther King Collection.

Huie, William Bradford. Papers. Rare Books and Manuscripts Library, Ohio State University, Columbus.

King Center Library and Archives, and the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site, Atlanta.

Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum, University of Texas, Austin. Martin Luther King Papers Project, Stanford University.

Mary Ferrell Foundation Digital Archive (www.maryferrell.org), Ipswich, Mass. Collections consulted include FBI MURKIN files, HSCA executive sessions, and Church Committee hearings.

McMillan, George. Papers. Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Memphis and Shelby County Room, Benjamin L. Hooks Central Library, Memphis. Collections consulted include the Henry Loeb Papers, the Frank Holloman Papers, and news clippings from the Memphis Commercial Appeal and the Memphis Press-Scimitar .

Memphis Magazine Archives. Contemporary Media, Inc., Memphis.

Mississippi Valley Collection. Ned R. McWherter Library, University of Memphis.

National Civil Rights Museum, Lorraine Motel, Memphis.

Withers, Ernest C. Photographic Collection. Panopticon Gallery of Photography, Boston. Collection houses the work of the legendary Memphis civil rights photographer Ernest Withers.

NEWSPAPERS

Atlanta Constitution

London Daily Mirror

London Daily Telegraph

London Evening Standard

London Observer

Los Angeles Times

Manchester Guardian

Memphis Commercial Appeal

Memphis Press-Scimitar

New York Times

St. Louis Post-Dispatch

Times (London)

Toronto Telegram

Washington Post

BOOKS

Abernathy, Ralph David. And the Walls Came Tumbling . New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

Ayton, Mel. A Racial Crime: James Earl Ray and the Murder of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr . Las Vegas: ArcheBooks, 2005.

Barry, John M. Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

Bearden, William. Cotton: From Southern Fields to the Memphis Market . Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2005.

------. Memphis Blues: Birthplace of a Music Tradition . Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2006.

Beifuss, Joan Turner. At the River I Stand: Memphis, the 1968 Strike, and Martin Luther King . Memphis: B & W Books, 1985.

Biles, Roger. Memphis in the Great Depression . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986.

Bishop, Jim. The Days of Martin Luther King Jr . New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1971.

Blair, Clay, Jr. The Strange Case of James Earl Ray: The Man Who Murdered Martin Luther King . New York: Bantam Books, 1969.

Bond, Beverly G., and Janann Sherman. Beale Street . Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2006.

------. Memphis in Black and White . Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2003.

Bowman, Rob. Soulsville U.S.A.: The Story of Stax Records . New York: Schirmer Trade Books, 1997.

Branch, Taylor. At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965-68 . New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

------. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63 . New York: Touchstone, 1989.

------. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65 . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.

Branston, John. Rowdy Memphis: The South Unscripted . Nashville: Cold Tree Press, 2004.

Brinkley, Douglas. Rosa Parks . New York: Viking, 2000.

Burch, Lucius. Lucius: Writings of Lucius Burch . Nashville: Cold Tree Press, 2003.

Burrough, Bryan. Public Enemies: America's Greatest Crime Wave and the Birth of the FBI, 1933-34 . New York: Penguin, 2004.

Busby, Horace. The Thirty-first of March: An Intimate Portrait of Lyndon Johnson's Final Days in Office . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.

Califano, Joseph A. The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Capers, Gerald M. The Biography of a River Town: Memphis, Its Heroic Age . New Orleans: Tulane University Press, 1966.

Carson, Clayborne, ed. The Autobiography of Martin Luther King . New York: Time Warner Books, 1998.

Carson, Clayborne, and Peter Holloran, eds. A Knock at Midnight: Inspiration from the Great Sermons of Martin Luther King Jr . New York: Warner Books, 1998.

Carson, Clayborne, et al., eds. The Papers of Martin Luther King Jr . Vols. 1-6. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992-2009.

Carter, Dan T. The Politics of Rage: George Wallace, the Origins of the New Conservatism, and the Transformation of American Politics . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.

Carter, Hodding. Lower Mississippi . New York: Farrar & Rinehart, 1942.

Cash, Johnny, with Patrick Carr. Cash: The Autobiography . San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1997.

Chapman, C. Stuart. Shelby Foote: A Writer's Life . Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2003.

Christopher, Warren. Chances of a Lifetime: A Memoir . New York: Scribner, 2001.

Church, Annette E., and Roberta Church. The Robert A. Churches of Memphis . Ann Arbor, Mich.: Edwards Brothers, 1974.

Clark, Ramsey. Crime in America: Observations on Its Nature, Causes, Prevention, and Control . New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970.

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