Hampton Sides - Hellhound on His Trail - The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. And the International Hunt for His Assassin

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NATIONAL BESTSELLER
,
,
,
,
,
Edgar Award Nominee
One of the Best Books of the Year:
From the acclaimed bestselling author of
and
, a taut, intense narrative about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the largest manhunt in American history. On April 23, 1967, Prisoner #416J, an inmate at the notorious Missouri State Penitentiary, escaped in a breadbox. Fashioning himself Eric Galt, this nondescript thief and con man—whose real name was James Earl Ray—drifted through the South, into Mexico, and then Los Angeles, where he was galvanized by George Wallace’s racist presidential campaign. On February 1, 1968, two Memphis garbage men were crushed to death in their hydraulic truck, provoking the exclusively African American workforce to go on strike. Hoping to resuscitate his faltering crusade, King joined the sanitation workers’ cause, but their march down Beale Street, the historic avenue of the blues, turned violent. Humiliated, King fatefully vowed to return to Memphis in April. With relentless storytelling drive, Sides follows Galt and King as they crisscross the country, one stalking the other, until the crushing moment at the Lorraine Motel when the drifter catches up with his prey. Against the backdrop of the resulting nationwide riots and the pathos of King’s funeral, Sides gives us a riveting cross-cut narrative of the assassin’s flight and the sixty-five-day search that led investigators to Canada, Portugal, and England—a massive manhunt ironically led by Hoover’s FBI. Magnificent in scope, drawing on a wealth of previously unpublished material, this nonfiction thriller illuminates one of the darkest hours in American life—an example of how history is so often a matter of the petty bringing down the great. Amazon.com Review Amazon Best Books of the Month, April 2010
Hellhound on His Trail
Hellhound on His Trail
--Lynette Mong David Grann Reviews *Hellhound on His Trail
David Grann is most recently the author of
as well as the #1
bestseller
. Read his review of
:
Hampton Sides has long been one of the great narrative nonfiction writers of our time, excavating essential pieces of American history--from the daring rescue of POWs during World War II to the settling of the West--and bringing them vividly to life. Now in his new book,
, he applies his enormous gifts to one of the most important and heart-wrenching chapters in U.S. history: the stalking and assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., by James Earl Ray. The book chronicles the terrifying collision of these two figures. In 1967, King was struggling to complete his monumental Civil Rights crusade and to maintain, amid the rise of more militant factions, the movement’s nonviolent nobility. While King increasingly intuits his own death, Ray has begun to track him down. Through Sides’ prodigious research, Ray emerges as one of the eeriest characters, a prison escapee and racist who wears alligator shoes and is constantly transforming himself, changing names and physical appearances. He is determined to become somebody, to insert himself into the national consciousness, through a single unthinkable act of violence. Sides illuminates not only the forces that culminated in King’s assassination; he also reveals the largely forgotten story of how his death led to the largest manhunt in American history. Almost unfathomably, it is J. Edgar Hoover, the person who had long hoped for King’s destruction and had even spied on him, who ultimately brings King’s killer to justice. Hellhound on His Trail

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701 "He was nervous":Nassau, quoted in Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 166.

702 Trustee Savings Bank in Fulham:My account of Sneyd's robbery is largely drawn from Scotland Yard interviews with the bank employees, in Scotland Yard Files, Hughes Collection. See also Posner, Killing the Dream , p. 249; Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 166; and Frank, American Death , p. 321.

703 "Mr. Sneyd, on April 4":My depiction of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police interrogation of Ramon Sneyd is primarily drawn from "Statement of Ramon George Sneyd, Born October 8, 1932, Cautioned by: R. Marsh, Detective Sergeant, Metro Toronto P.D.," Royal Canadian Mounted Police Files 1, Hughes Collection.

704 "He seemed ill":My depiction of Sneyd's stay at the Pax Hotel in Pimlico is drawn from "The Man in Locked Room," Evening Standard , June 10, 1968. See also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 167.

705 "I was in a daze":Young, Easy Burden , pp. 486-87.

706 "We were all still trying":Ibid.

707 "I haven't heard from Major Wicks":Colvin, "Dr. King Suspect Here 3 Weeks," p. 1. See also Posner, Killing the Dream , p. 248.

708 "many criminals seeking refuge":Butler's obituary, Times (London), April 21, 1970.

709 "We knew that the fugitive":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 249.

CHAPTER 46

I CAN'T THINK RIGHT

710 "He was so neurotic":This passage is chiefly derived from "Statement of Anna Elizabeth Thomas, Hotel Proprietress, Pax Hotel," Flying Squad Office, New Scotland Yard, Hughes Collection. See also Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 167.

711 "Passport please":My account of the Heathrow Airport encounter between Sneyd and Human is drawn from "Statement of Kenneth Leonard Human, Immigration Officer, London Airport Heathrow Terminal Two," taken on June 10, 1968, at the Flying Squad Office, New Scotland Yard, Hughes Collection.

712 Philip Birch:My depiction of Birch's initial questioning of Sneyd is adapted from "Statement of Philip Birch, Detective Sergeant, Special Branch," taken on June 10, 1968, at the Flying Squad Office, New Scotland Yard, Hughes Collection.

713 Thomas Butler arrived:This passage concerning Butler's interrogation of Sneyd comes from "Statement of Thomas Butler, Detective Chief Superintendent, Flying Squad, New Scotland Yard," taken on June 10, 1968, Hughes Collection. I also relied on "Statement of Witness, Kenneth Thompson," Scotland Yard Files, Hughes Collection.

714 "As a result of inquiries":"Statement of Thomas Butler," Hughes Collection.

715 "Yes, I shouldn't say":Ibid.

CHAPTER 47

THREE WIDOWS

716 DeLoach was making late Saturday morning pancakes:This passage is primarily drawn from DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 249.

717 "Every muscle in my body relaxed":Ibid.

718 "Dammit, man":Ibid., p. 250.

719 "Fine--prepare the press release":Ibid.

720 At St. Patrick's Cathedral:My account of the scene outside St. Patrick's is largely drawn from the coverage of Robert Kennedy's funeral in the New York Times and the Washington Post , June 9, 1968.

721 in good taste to wait:Author interview with Clark, Oct. 9, 2008, New York City. See also Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 422, and Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover , pp. 606-7.

722 "We're happy he's been caught":Williams, quoted in Atlanta Constitution , June 9, 1968, p. 20.

723 "Some felt this case":Byrd's comments before the U.S. Senate, in MURKIN Files, sec. 57, p. 71.

724 two men held up a bank:For an in-depth discussion of the Alton bank robbery and the possible involvement of the Ray brothers, see House Select Committee on Assassinations (hereafter HSCA), Final Assassinations Report , pp. 342-50.

725 "We are dealing with a man":Hoover, quoted in HSCA, Appendix Reports , vol. 7, p. 7.

726 "one of the strongest":Author interview with Clark.

727 "Some Americans":Ibid.

728 "Nothing Ray did":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 256.

729 "was a loner":DeLoach testimony in HSCA, Appendix Reports , vol. 7, p. 28.

730 "Truth be told":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 257.

CHAPTER 48

RING OF STEEL

731 "Look, they got me mixed up":This exchange between Sneyd and Eugene is recounted in Frank, American Death , p. 201.

732 "Yes, I'd like you to call my brother":Ibid., p. 203.

733 Patriotic Legal Fund:Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 181.

734 Alexander Eist:The passages concerning Eist and his time spent with Sneyd in London are drawn from a lengthy interview with Eist conducted at Cambridge, England, on August 4, 1978, by Edward Evans, chief investigator, House Select Committee on Assassinations, Appendix Reports , vol. 3, pp. 264-84.

735 "He seemed absolutely mad about publicity":Ibid.

736 "There's no way":Ibid.

737 Sneyd was met by four FBI agents:Custody Log, James Earl Ray, July 19, 1968, Aboard USAF Plane C135," MURKIN Files, 4901-4982, sec. 66, pp. 178-81. See also Posner, Killing the Dream , pp. 55-56.

738 At 3:48 a.m.:My depiction of Ray's arrival in Memphis is largely drawn from the Memphis Press-Scimitar , July 19, 1968, and the Memphis Commercial Appeal , July 20, 1968. See also Frank, American Death , pp. 223-34.

739 "They're getting out of the plane":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 254.

740 "ring of steel":Ibid.

741 Morris had arranged:Frank, American Death , pp. 228-34.

EPILOGUE

#65477

742 two hundred inmates:My reenactment of Ray's prison escape is drawn primarily from newspaper and magazine accounts from June 1977--especially the Atlanta Constitution , the New York Times , the Memphis Commercial Appeal , the Nashville Tennessean , and the Washington Post . In-depth stories in Time and Newsweek , both appearing on June 20, 1977, proved especially helpful. I also consulted Building Time at Brushy , a semi-fictional memoir by the prison's warden, Stonney Lane. Finally, I found James McKinley's interview with Ray (Playboy , Sept. 1977) extremely useful.

743 "Ray's hot": New York Times , June 12, 1977, p. 1.

744 "Ray is smart like a rat":Foreman, quoted in Newsweek , June 20, 1977, p. 25.

745 "funny in the head":McKinley, "Interview with James Earl Ray," p. 176.

746 "Raoul does not and did not exist": Time , June 20, 1977, p. 17.

747 "You always have it":McKinley, "Interview with James Earl Ray," p. 86.

748 "convinced beyond a shadow of a doubt":Abernathy, quoted in the Washington Post , June 11, 1977, p. A10.

749 "engineered to see that Ray": Time , June 20, 1977, p. 14.

750 "I hope they don't kill him":Martin Luther King Sr., quoted in the Atlanta Constitution , June 13, 1977, p. 19A.

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