Anthony Summers - The Eleventh Day

26 Defense:Farmer, 184–, Tenet, 163;

27 first matter:Tenet, 163;

28 contingency/Hastert:Bamford, Pretext , 70–, 80–, transcript, 9/11 , ABC News, 9/11/02, WP , 3/2/02;

29 Byrd:corr. Jesse Jacobs, 2010;

30 people pouring:int. Eleanor Hill;

31 White House evacuation:testimony of Norman Mineta, 5/23/02, CO, Richard Clarke, 8, CNN, 9/11/01, Newsweek , 9/24/01;

32 “CNN says”/“Does it”:Richard Clarke, 9;

33 humor:Dwyer & Flynn, 175.

34 golf club/computers:Dwyer & Flynn, 175–;

35 “There’s another”:int. Edward Chacia, TF, 12/6/01;

36 “They hit”:int. James Canham, TF, 12/18/01;

37 “What happened?”:Dwyer & Flynn, 178.

38 locked doors:CR, 294. Any faint possibility of going up had vanished at 9:30, when security officers tried and failed to activate a lock release programmed to open all doors—including doors leading to the roof—as explained on p. 22;

39 Beyea:Dwyer & Flynn, 178, 243;

40 Lillo:int. Manuel Delgado, 10/21/01, TF, NY Post , 9/21/01;

41 “The Chief said”/Suhr:int. Paul Conlon, TF, 1/26/02, NY Daily News , 11/1/01.

42 “We didn’t have”:Staff Statement 13, CO. The World Trade Center did have such a radio repeater system, but most chiefs were unable to use it on the day—either because it was malfunctioning or because they failed to use it properly. To bridge the communications gap, chiefs attempted to use shorter range equipment available—sometimes even their own cell phones—with little success. This left the chiefs in the lobby or outside the towers largely in the dark about the progress of the units moving up and around the building (“FDNY Fire Operations Response on September 11,” www.nyc.gov, CR, 188).

43 “People watching”/men struggled:Staff Statement 13, CO.

44 towers’ casualties/survivors:“Federal Investigators Classify WTC Victims’ Locations,” 7/20/04, NIST, Staff Statement 13, CO, Dwyer & Flynn, 252, 312. Estimates vary as to the number of people in the Twin Towers at the time of the attacks. We have here drawn on numbers cited in 102 Minutes , by Jim Dwyer and Kevin Flynn—which take into account not only the 2005 Final Report of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, but also of figures supplied by the Port Authority of New York (Dwyer & Flynn, 280, “Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers,” Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sept. 2005, 19, 34, 37–, 48).

45 Clark/Praimnath:Bernstein, 225–;

46 Rooney:Banford, Pretext , 32–58;

47 70th floor:Staff Statement 13, CO;

48 Palmer:Dwyer & Flynn, 206;

49 PEOPLE TRAPPED: NY Daily News , 9/30/01;

50 overwhelmed:Staff Statement 13, CO;

51 “Some of them”:int. Roberto Abril, TF, 1/17/02.

52 Turi wondered:int. Albert Turi, TF, 10/23/01, CR, 302, 549n134—the chief is not identified in line with the 9/11 Commission’s agreement with the city of New York, corr. Kristen Wilhelm, 2010.

53 He shared:int. Peter Hayden, TF, 10/23/01, & see Staff Statement 13, CO;

54 “The potential”/“I think”:int. Peter Hayden, TF, 10/23/01, Dennis Smith, Report from Ground Zero , NY: Viking, 2002, 33;

55 “Everything above”: New Yorker , 2/11/02;

56 “Tommy”:int. Richard Carletti, TF, 1/2/02;

57 “I believe”:Dwyer & Flynn, 149–, De Martini’s comments were made in an interview for the History Channel, NYT , 8/29/03;

58 707/“low on fuel”: Seattle Times , 2/27/93, MedServ , 9/11/01, “Painful Losses Mount in the Construction Family,” 10/1/01, www.construction.com, “WTC Building Performance Study,” FEMA, 5/02, Ch.1.17;

59 drooping/molten metal:“World Trade Center Investigation Status,” 12/03, & “Investigation of the Sept. 11 World Trade Center Disaster—FAQs,” 8/30/06, NIST, “World Trade Center Building Performance Study,” Ch. 2., Pt. 2.2.3, FEMA, May 2002;

60 “large pieces”:CR, 304, 321, 549n148;

61 9:37 call: NY Daily News , 9/30/01, “Increasing FDNY Preparedness,” FDNY report, 8/19/02, 46–.

CHAPTER 7

1

over Ohio/Flight 93:

“Flight Path Study—United Flight 93,” 2/19/02, NTSB, ed. James Boyd,

After September 11

, Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003, 88;

2

managed to telephone:

MFR 04020029, 5/13/04—detailed study of phone records, used throughout chapter, Moschella to Marcus (& attachments), 4/26/04, “Flight 11 Calls—DOJ Response,” B13, T7, CF. In addition to the passengers named in the text, several others succeeded in making or attempted to make calls to the ground. Three who did get through were Linda Gronlund, Lauren Grandcolas, and Joseph DeLuca. Two others, Andrew Garcia and Waleska Martinez, got through only momentarily (several others: MFR 04020029, 5/13/04, Longman, 190).

3

Bingham:

This is what Bingham said to his aunt by marriage, the first family member to get to the phone. Some, who question the authenticity of the calls from the air on 9/11, have made much of the fact that—when afterward his mother came on the line—he reportedly said, “Hello, Mom, this is Mark

Bingham

[authors’ italics] …” No one, the skeptics suggest, would address his own mother with such formality. There is no tape or transcript of the call so far as the authors know—the earliest version of the quote is in an FBI report. Bingham’s mother, Alice Hoglan, however, herself remembered her son greeting her that way. To her, she said, it merely showed that he was a “little rattled” and fell back on the way that—as a young businessman—he regularly introduced himself on the phone. One cannot hang any significant doubt on the reported formality—least of all the idea, as some suggest, that the Bingham call itself is part of some complex fabrication. The call, like the other calls from Flight 93, is included in a list of air and cell phone calls compiled with the help of GTE engineers and released in 2009. For further discussion of the “fake calls” issue, see Ch. 11 (“This is Mark”/“

Bingham”:

FBI 302 of ints. Alice

Hoglan, Carol Phipps, & Kathy Hoglan, 9/11/01, “Flight 93 Calls,” B12, T7, CF, FBI 302s of [names redacted], 9/19/01 & 9/23/01, INTELWIRE; doubt: David Ray Griffin,

Debunking 9/11 Debunking

, Northampton, MA: Olive Branch, 2007, 89–, James Fetzer cited in “Osama Tape Appears Fake,” PR Web, 5/30/06; “little rattled”/repeatedly: transcript of int. Hoglan,

Newsnight

, 2001,

www.bbc.co.uk

, int.of Hoglan,

The Flight That Fought Back

, Brook Lapping Productions for Discovery Channel, 2005).

4

Burnett:

FBI 302 of int. Deena Burnett, 9/11/01, INTELWIRE, Longman, 107, MFR 04020024, 4/26/04.

5

knife point/bomb:

Burnett also told his wife that he thought one of the hijackers had a gun. His wife believed this, because her husband was familiar with guns. Fellow passenger Jeremy Glick, however, specifically told his wife that he saw no guns on the hijackers, only knives. Janet Riffe, an FAA security inspector assigned to American Airlines on 9/11, told the 9/11 Commission that she was told by an American employee that day of a flight attendant’s report that Flight 11 passenger Daniel Lewin had been shot. Riffe said she was later told she had been wrongly informed. A partly redacted FBI summary states that passenger Peter Hanson, who phoned his father from Flight 175, said he had seen a flight attendant shot. Available reports of what Hanson said include no such reference. The presence of guns aboard any of the hijacked flights would of course indicate a grave security lapse. The 9/11 Commission concluded that the reports of guns were mistaken, that the weight of the evidence indicated that knives were the only weapons the hijackers brought on board (Burnett told: MFR 04020024, 4/26/04, Longman, 108; very familiar: