Richard Pipes - The Russian Revolution

, Vol. I, 1917–1924, selected and edited by Jane Degras. Published by Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 1951. Reprinted by permission.

Times Newspapers Limited:

“Ex-Tsar Shot: Official Approval of Crime” from

The Times

, July 22, 1918. Copyright by Times Newspapers Limited. Reprinted by permission.

The University of Chicago Press:

Excerpt from

Building Lenin’s Russia

by Simon Liberman. Copyright 1945 by the University of Chicago. Reprinted by permission of The University of Chicago Press.

Excerpt from

The Catastrophe: Kerensky’s Own Story of the Russian Revolution

by Alexander F. Kerensky, 1927, published by Penguin USA for D. Appleton and Company.

Excerpt from

The Murder of the Romanovs

by Captain Paul Bulygin, 1935, published by Random Century Group, London, for Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.

About the Author

Richard Pipes has been a professor of History at Harvard University since 1958. He was the Director of East European and Soviet Affairs for the National Security Council in 1981–82 and he is a two-time recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship. He is the author of numerous books and essays on Russia, past and present. His previous works include Survival Is Not Enough, U.S-Soviet Relations in the Era of Detente, Russia under the Old Regime, Europe Since 1815 , and The Formation of the Soviet Union . He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.