Bruce Hood - The Self Illusion

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5 Why Our Choices Are Not Our Own

1. F. Presbrey, ‘1855–1936. The history and development of advertising’, Advertising and Society Review , 1:1 (2000).

2. The phrase ‘subliminal advertising’ was coined in 1957 by the US market researcher James Vicary, who said he could get moviegoers to ‘drink Coca-Cola’ and ‘eat popcorn’ by flashing those messages onscreen for such a short time that viewers were unaware. Vicary later admitted he had fabricated his results.

3. J. N. Axelrod, ‘Advertising measures that predict purchase’, Journal of Advertising Research , 8 (1968), 3–17.

4. Both von Helmholtz and Freud wrote about the unconscious processes that shape our behaviours: H. von Helmholtz, ‘Concerning the perceptions in general’, in Treatise on Physiological Optics, vol. III, trans J. P. C. Southall (New York, NY: Dover, 1925/1962); S. Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams , trans. A. A. Brill (New York, NY: Macmillan, 1913).

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26. P. Kanngiesser, N. L. Gjersoe and B. M. Hood, ‘The effect of creative labor on property-ownership transfer by preschool children and adults’, Psychological Science , 21 (2010), 1236–41.

27. B. M. Hood and P. Bloom, ‘Children prefer certain individuals to perfect duplicates’, Cognition , 106 (2008), 455–62.

28. B. M. Hood, K. Donnelly, U. Leonards and P. Bloom, ‘Implicit voodoo: Electrodermal activity reveals a susceptibility to sympathetic magic’, Journal of Culture and Cognition , 10 (2010), 391–9.

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