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CHAPTER 3

1. The exact cause of Joseph Merrick’s condition is still unresolved but candidate diseases of Proteus Syndrome and neurofibromatosis Type I have been suggested.

2. M. Howell and P. Ford (1992) [1980], The True History of the Elephant Man (third edition), London: Penguin.

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4. Clarence Maloney (1976), The Evil Eye , New York: Columbia University Press.

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6. M. Joëls, Z. Pu, O. Wiegert, M. S. Oitzl and H. J. Krugers (2006), ‘Learning under stress: how does it work?’, Trends in Cognitive Science, 10, 152–8.

7. R. Rachel Yehuda, Stephanie Mulherin Engel, Sarah R. Brand, Jonathan Seckl, Sue M. Marcus, and Gertrud S. Berkowitz (2005), ‘Transgenerational effects of posttraumatic stress disorder in babies of mothers exposed to the World Trade Center attacks during pregnancy’, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 90, 4115–18.

8. Quote from Discover Magazine article published online 14 October 2010: http://discovermagazine.com/2010/oct/11-how-did-9–11-affect-pregnant-mothers-children

9. J. Kagan, (1994), Galen’s Prophecy: Temperament in Human Nature , New York: Basic Books.

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11. N. A. Fox, H. A. Henderson, K. H. Rubin, S. D. Calkins and L. A. Schmidt (2001), ‘Continuity and discontinuity of behavioural inhibition and exuberance: Psychophysiological and behavioural influences across the first four years of life’, Child Development , 72, 1–21.