Hood, Bruce - Supersense

29.

G. Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel (Secker & Warburg, 1949).

30.

M. Milinski, D. Semmann, and H. J. Krambeck, ‘Reputation Helps Solve “Tragedy of the Commons”’, Nature 415 (2002): 424–6.

31.

M. Bateson, D. Nettle, and G. Roberts, ‘Cues of Being Watched Enhance Cooperation in a Real World Setting’, Biology Letters 2 (2006): 412–14.

32.

J. M. Bering, K. A. McLeod, and T. K. Shackelford, ‘Reasoning About Dead Agents Reveals Possible Adaptive Trends’, Human Nature 16 (2005): 360–81.

33.

J. M. Bering, ‘The Folk Psychology of Souls’, The Behavioural and Brain Sciences 29 (2006): 453–98.

34.

S. Guthrie, Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion (Oxford University Press, 1993).

35.

K. Conrad, Die beginnende Schizophrenie: Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns (Thieme, 1958).

36.

T. C. Manschreck, B. A. Maher, J. J. Milavetz, D. Ames, C. C. Weisstein, and M. L. Schneyer, ‘Semantic Priming in Thought Disordered Schizophrenic Patients’, Schizophrenia Research 1 (1988): 61–6.

37.

M. Eckblad and L. J. Chapman, ‘Magical Ideation as an Indicator of Schizotypy’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51 (1983): 215–25.

38.

B. E. Brundage, ‘First-Person Account: What I Wanted to Know but Was Afraid to Ask’, Schizophrenia Bulletin 9 (1983): 583–5, 584.

39.

R. Montague, Why Choose This Book? How We Make Decisions (Dutton, 2007).

40.

G. Fénelon, F. Mahieux, R. Huon, and M. Ziégler, ‘Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease’, Brain 123 (2000): 733–45.

41.

R. King, J. D. Barchas, and B. A. Huberman, ‘Chaotic Behaviour in Dopamine Neurodynamics’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 81 (1984): 1244–7; see also A. Shaner, ‘Delusions, Superstitious Conditioning, and Chaotic Dopamine Neurodynamics’, Medical Hypothesis 52 (1999): 119–23.

42.

P. Brugger, ‘From Haunted Brain to Haunted Science: A Cognitive Neuroscience View of Paranormal and Pseudoscientific Thought’, in Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives , edited by J. Houran and R. Lange (McFarland & Co., 2001).

43.

S. Blackmore and T. Troscianko, ‘Belief in the Paranormal: Probability Judgements, Illusory Control, and the Chance Baseline Shift’, British Journal of Psychology 76 (1985): 459–68.

44.

P. Krummenacher, P. Brugger, M. Fathi, and C. Mohr, ‘Dopamine, Paranormal Ideation, and the Detection of Meaningful Stimuli’, Paper presented at the Zentrum fur Neurowissenschaften, Zurich (2002).

45.

P. Goldman-Rakic, ‘Working Memory and the Mind’, in Mind and Brain: Readings from Scientific American (W. H. Freeman & Co., 1993).

46.

A. Baddeley, Working Memory (Oxford University Press, 1986).

47.

J. Emick and M. Welsh, ‘Association Between Formal Operational Thought and Executive Function as Measured by the Tower of Hanoi-Revised’, Learning and Individual Differences 15 (2005): 177–88.

48.

J. R. Stroop, ‘Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions’, Journal of Experimental Psychology 18 (1935): 643–62. This test is usually done with words printed in different colours, but my publishers warned me that the cost of printing just a few words in colour could not be justified. Luckily for me, Steve Pinker presumably encountered the same issue in his latest book, The Stuff of Thought (2007, p. 332), where he also describes the Stroop effect. I have used his solution in overcoming the use of coloured ink to achieve the same demonstration.

49.

A. Diamond, The Development and Neural Bases of Higher Cognitive Functions (New York Academy of Sciences, 1990).

50.

K. Dunbar, J. Fugelsang, and C. Stein, ‘Do Naive Theories Ever Go Away?’ in Thinking with Data: Thirty-third Carnegie Symposium on Cognition , edited by M. Lovett and P. Shah (Erlbaum, in press).

51.

In fact, it is the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex which is active when adults are actively suppressing the urge to respond with the intuitive response. Wim De Neys, Oshin Vartanian, Vinod Goel (2008) ‘Smarter Than We Think: When Our Brains Detect That We Are Biased’, Psychological Science 19 (5), 483–9

52.

T. Lombrozo, D. Kelemen, and D. Zaitchik, ‘Teleological Explanation in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients’, Psychological Science 18 (2007): 999–1006.

53.

D. Zaitchik and G. Solomon, ‘Animist Thinking in the Elderly and in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease’, Cognitive Neuropsychology (in press).

54.

J. S. B. T. Evans, ‘In Two Minds: Dual Process Accounts of Reasoning’, Trends in Cognitive Science 7 (2003): 454–9.

55.

S. Epstein, R. Pacini, V. Denes-Raj, and H. Heier, ‘Difference in Intuitive–Experiential and Analytical–Rational Thinking Styles’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996): 390–405.

56.

L. A. King, C. M. Burton, J. A. Hicks, and S. M. Drigotas, ‘Ghosts, UFOs, and Magic: Positive Affect and the Experiential System’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92 (2007): 905–19.

57.

M. Lindeman and K. Aarnio, ‘Superstitious, Magical, and Paranormal Beliefs: An Integrative Model’, Journal of Research in Personality 41 (2007): 731–44; M. Lindeman and M. Saher, ‘Vitalism, Purpose, and Superstition’, British Journal of Psychology 98, no. 1 (2007): 33–44; M. Lindeman and K. Aarnio, ‘Paranormal Beliefs: Their Dimensionality and Psychological Correlates’, European Journal of Personality 20 (2006): 585–602.

CHAPTER TEN

1.

P. E. Tetlock, ‘Thinking the Unthinkable: Sacred Values and Taboo Cognitions’, Trends in Cognitive Science 7 (2003): 320–24.

2.

W. Styron, Sophie’s Choice (Random House, 1979).

INDEX

Illustrations or photographs are indicated by bold numbers

Africa, child rape ref1

afterlife ref1, ref2 See also death

agents ref1

ageing ref1

‘Air-Crib’ ref1, ref2

Allen, Woody ref1

‘Aloa, The Alligator Boy’ ref1, ref2

Alzheimer’s disease ref1

Anasazi tribe ref1

animals: cellular memory experiments ref1; genetic engineering of ref1; kosher ref1; Pavlov’s conditioning experiments ref1; souls, search for ref1; taxonomy ref1

animism ref1, ref2

apophenia ref1, ref2

‘apparent mental causation’ ref1

art: authenticity of ref1; prehistoric ref1, ref2, ref3–ref4

associative learning ref1, ref2

atheists ref1, ref2, ref3

Atran, Scott ref1

attachment items ref1

Auld Sod Export Company ref1

Auschwitz ref1

authenticity ref1

babies: analysis of natural world ref1; behaviourism ref1; biology understanding of ref1; brains of ref1; and cause and effect ref1; decoding of reality ref1; eye contact ref1; faces ref1; grasp reflex ref1, ref2, ref3; knowledge (of world) ref1; ‘Little Albert’ experiments ref1, ref2; magic tricks ref1; mind-reading ref1; and missing square pattern ref1; and moral behaviour ref1; movement ref1; reality, sense of ref1; reasoning ref1, ref2; ‘shapka’ experiment ref1; stepping reflex ref1; startle reflex ref1; sucking reflex ref1; unborn ref1 See also children; newborns

babyness ref1

‘Babies are Smarter Than You Think’ ( Life ) ref1

Barbarella ref1

Baron-Cohen, Simon ref1

Barrett, Justin ref1