Hood, Bruce - Supersense

30.

The belief in vital life forces and energies is found in most Eastern philosophies. For a discussion of Western notions of vitalism, see E. Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought (Harvard University Press, 1982).

31.

M. Roach, Six Feet Over: Adventures in the After Life (Cannongate, 2007).

32.

D. Macdougall, ‘Hypothesis Concerning Soul Substance Together with Experimental Evidence of the Existence of Such Substance’, American Medicine 4 (1907): 240–43.

33.

K. Inagaki and G. Hatano, Young Children’s Naive Thinking About the Biological World (Psychology Press, 2002).

34.

V. Slaughter and M. Lyons, ‘Learning About Life and Death in Early Childhood’, Cognitive Psychology 43 (2003): 1–30.

35.

‘Quintessence’ as a term survives today in modern theoretical physics as the name for the hypothetical dark energy that is believed to account for the energy necessary to explain the continuing expansion of the known universe.

36.

For an accessible introduction to the Great Chain of Being and the emergence of the scientific method out of the age of alchemy, I recommend J. Henry, Knowledge Is Power: How Magic, the Government, and an Apocalyptic Vision Inspired Francis Bacon to Create Modern Science (Icon Books, 2002).

37.

B. Woolley, The Herbalist: Nicholas Culpeper and the Fight for Medical Freedom (HarperCollins, 2004).

38.

The coco de mer is a rare protected member of the palm species that grows only in the Seychelles Islands. It used to be thought to resemble a woman’s buttocks, which is reflected in one of its old botanical names, Lodoicea callipyge , in which callipyge is from the Greek for ‘beautiful rump’.

39.

See Andrew Harding, ‘Beijing’s Penis Emporium’, BBC News , 23 September, 2006, available at: http:// news.bbc.co.uk/ 1/hi/programmes/ from_our_own_ correspondent/ 5371500.stm.

40.

Ben Goldacre, the scourge of quacks and charlatans has covered homeopathy in his eminently readable, Bad Science (Fourth Estate, 2008).

41.

Tony Tysome, ‘Rise in Applications for “Soft” Subjects Panned as Traditional Courses Lose Out’, Times Higher Education Supplement , 2 7 July, 2007, available at http:// www.timeshighereducation. co.uk/ story.asp? storyCode= 209755 &sectioncode=26

42.

Meirion Jones, ‘Malaria Advice Risks Lives’, BBC News , 13 July, 2006, available at: http:// news.bbc.co.uk/ 1/hi/programmes/ newsnight/5178122.stm.

43.

M. Sans-Corrales, E. Pujol-Ribera, J. Gené-Badia, M. I. PasarínRua, B. Iglesias-Pérez, and J. Casajuana-Brunet, ‘Family Medicine Attributes Related to Satisfaction, Health, and Costs’, Family Practice 23 (2006): 308–16.

44.

P. Rozin, L. Millman, and C. Nemeroff, ‘Operation of the Laws of Sympathetic Magic in Disgust and Other Domains’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 (1986): 703–12.

45.

B. Wicker, C. Keysers, J. Plailly, J. P. Royet, V. Gallese, and G. Rizzolatti, ‘Both of Us Disgusted in My Insula: The Common Neural Basis of Seeing and Feeling Disgusted’, Neuron 40 (2003): 655–64.

46.

C. Nemeroff and P. Rozin, ‘The Contagion Concept in Adult Thinking in the United States: Transmission of Germs and of Interpersonal Influence’, Ethos 22 (1994): 158–86.

47.

M. Mauss, A General Theory of Magic , translated by R. Brain (1902; reprint, W. W. Norton, 1972).

48.

P. Rozin and A. Fallon, ‘The Acquisition of Likes and Dislikes for Foods’, in What Is America Eating? Proceedings of a Symposium (National Academies Press, 1986), available at: http:// www.nap.edu/ openbook/0309036356/ html/58.html.

49.

L. R. Kass, ‘The Wisdom of Repugnance’, The New Republic (2 June, 1997): 17–26.

50.

J. Haidt, S. H. Koller, and M. G. Dias, ‘Affect, Culture, and Morality, or Is It Wrong to Eat Your Dog?’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993): 613–28.

51.

J. Haidt, ‘The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgement’, Psychological Review 108 (2001): 814–34.

CHAPTER SEVEN

1.

S. Schachter and J. E. Singer, ‘Cognitive, Social, and Physiological Determinants of Emotional States’, Psychological Review 69 (1962): 379–99.

2.

D. G. Dutton and A. P. Aron, ‘Some Evidence for Heightened Sexual Attraction Under Conditions of High Anxiety’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30 (1974): 510–17.

3.

‘Untouchables’ refers to the lowest castes in several different societies, including ‘Baekjeong’ (Korea), ‘Burakumin’ (Japan), ‘Khadem’ (Yemen), and similar castes in many African countries. Although Western countries may have abandoned official social segregation, seating arrangements on some forms of public transport and in arenas of public entertainment retain the legacy of maintaining a physical distance between the upper and lower classes.

4.

D. Rothbart and T. Barlett, ‘Rwandan Radio Broadcasts and Hutu/Tutsi Positioning’, in Conflict and Positioning Theory , edited by F. M. Moghaddam and R. Harré (Springer, 2007).

5.

R. T. McNally, Dracula Was a Woman: In Search of the Blood Countess of Transylvania (McGraw-Hill, 1987). For a rebuttal of this theory, see E. Miller, Dracula: Sense and Nonsense (Parkstone Press, 2000).

6.

T. Thorne, Countess Dracula: The Life and Times of the Blood Countess, Elisabeth Báthory (Bloomsbury, 1997).

7.

Peta Bee, ‘Naturally Dangerous?’, The Times , 16 July, 2007, available at: http:// www.timesonline.co.uk/ tol/life_and_style/health/ features/article2073171.ece

8.

‘Ask Hugh’, available at River Cottage website: http://www.rivercottage.net/askhugh.

9.

‘She’s Her Own Twin’, ABCNews , 15 August, 2006, available at: http:// abcnews.go.com/ Primetime/story?id=2315693.

10.

C. Ainsworth, ‘The Stranger Within’, New Scientist 180 (2003): 34.

11.

N. Yu , M. S. Kruskall, J. J. Yunis, J. H. M. Knoll, L. Uhl, S. Alosco, M. Ohashi, O. Clavijo, Z. Husain, and E. J. Yunis, ‘Disputed Maternity Leading to Identification of Tetragametic Chimerism’, New England Journal of Medicine 346 (2002): 1545–52.

12.

W. Arens, The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology and Anthropophagy (Oxford University Press, 1979); see also G. Obeyesekere, Cannibal Talk: The Man-Eating Myth and Human Sacrifice in the South Seas (University of California Press, 2005). For a rebuttal, see T. White, Prehistoric Cannibalism at Mancos 5Mtumr-2346 (Princeton University Press, 1992).

13.

Carlton Gajdusek received the 1976 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his discovery of the prion disease pattern Kuru in the Fore tribe.

14.

R. L. Klitzman, M. Alpers, and D. C. Gajdusek, ‘The Natural Incubation Period of Kuru and the Episodes of Transmission in Three Clusters of Patients’, Neuroepidemiology 3 (1984): 3–20.

15.

R. A. Marlar, B. L. Leonard, B. R. Billman, P. M. Lambert, and J. E. Marlar, ‘Biochemical Evidence of Cannibalism at a Prehistoric Puebloan Site in Southwestern Colorado’, Nature 407 (2000): 74–8.

16.

Different reasons are given for ceremonial cannibalism and the practices associated with it. Most of these interpretations are based on interviews with surviving tribe members, since cannibalistic practices have generally been outlawed since the 1960s. For an account of the Wari of South America and funerary cannibalism, read Beth Corkin, Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibalism in Amazonian Society (University of Texas, 2001). The practices of the Melanesian Kukukukus are documented in Jens Bjerre, The Last Cannibals (Michael Joseph, 1956).