Anton Dubina - DUBINA 2021 ENG. Revolutionary technology

Blender program interface.

Details of mechanisms, gears of reducers were made in FreeCAD program. FreeCAD is an open source general purpose parametric CAD system (based on the LGPLv2 + license). The basis of geometric modeling of solids in FreeCAD is the principle of boundary representation, at the same time there is support for polygonal meshes. The geometric core of FreeCAD is OpenCASCADE. In addition to mechanical engineering tasks, FreeCAD can be used for tasks such as architectural design, or engineering analysis by the finite element method. Freecad supports over 30 file formats for importing. For the manufacture of car parts, 3D printing was used. 3D printing technology is universal. Part size for 3D printing is limited only by the size of the printer. A 3D printer is a peripheral device that uses the method of layer-by-layer creation of a three-dimensional object from a digital 3D model. No additional equipment is required for 3D printing. All types of parts are produced on one printer. In order to print a part on a 3D printer, you must first convert the original 3D model format into a G-code. G-code is a conditional naming of the programming language for numerically controlled devices (CNC). It was created by the Electronic Industries Alliance in the early 1960s. The Slic3r program is used to convert STL format to G-code format.

FreeCAD program interface.

In this program, you can set the print speed, fill factor and more. After conversion, the file with the G-code is loaded into the 3D printer. Due to layer-by-layer shaping, parts of any complexity can be produced. Various materials are used for 3D printing. The most common PLA, ABS, PVA plastics, nylon, rubber, metal powder. The most productive 3D printing process is the stereolithography process. In the process of stereolithography, a layer of material is formed over the entire surface area simultaneously. The bright rays of light from the projector strike the clear glass. The glass is at the bottom of the bath with liquid light-curing material. A projector under the glass transmits a cross-sectional image of each part of the part. Thus, the material on the glass hardens and is pulled layer by layer up from the bathroom.

The car is controlled by a program written in the Arduino IDE. It is a cross-platform application (for Windows, MacOS, Linux) developed in C and C ++. It is used to write and download programs to Arduino-compatible boards, as well as to boards from other manufacturers. Source code for The IDE is released under the GNU General Public License Version 2. The Arduino IDE supports both C and C ++ using special structuring rules. The Arduino IDE provides a software library from the Wiring project that provides many common input and output routines. User-written code only needs two basic functions to run the sketch and the main program loop, which are compiled and linked to the program stub main () to an executable loopback executor with the GNU toolchain, also included in the IDE distribution.

Sparkmaker 3D printer and printed parts.

The car body is the most important constructive, most responsible, material-intensive and expensive part of the car. It makes up about half of the car in terms of weight, cost and manufacturing complexity. The body is the basis for the installation and fastening of all systems and mechanisms of the vehicle. The body ensures the safety of the vehicle. The body structure and its parameters have a serious impact on the performance properties that ensure the movement of the vehicle (maneuverability, stability, smoothness,), and on performance properties not related to vehicle movement (capacity, strength, durability, maintainability, suitability for loading and unloading). DUBINA EVO has a fiberglass monocoque body. He perceives all the loads that act on the car while driving. This means that all elements of the body, with the exception of doors and hatches, are load-bearing. The body support system allows you to reduce the weight of the vehicle, its overall height, lower the center of gravity and, therefore, increase its stability.

The supporting body is made of fiberglass.

The design of the monocoque body consists in the most rational distribution of material in each element, allowing the best use of the maximum possible load-bearing capacity of the material. In order to give the structure a clear and continuous shape, providing direct transfer of the load from the point of its application to the point at which the reaction occurs. The structure of the monocoque body must be rigid enough to allow precise control, be light enough to allow inertial loads and the loads caused by the oscillatory angular movement of the sprung parts about the vertical axis were small, to be strong and durable to withstand the cyclic road loads, the loads from the power plant, the driver and the passenger. Hence, it is clear that the structure of a car is assessed not by strength, but by rigidity, and the study of the state of the structure is associated with the study of its deformability rather than the stress state. Bending deflections in the middle of the vehicle span should not exceed 1.3 mm, and the deformations of the contour of door openings should not exceed 1.2 mm in the event of a load concentrated in the middle of the span equal to 6700 N. Fiberglass is not as rigid as steel or aluminum, therefore, reinforcing plates, brackets and stiffeners are used in the body structure. Fiberglass is a durable and lightweight material.

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