James Frazer - The Golden Bough - A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)

A. Bastian, op. cit. i. 268 sq.

See above, pp. 8 sq.

L. von Ende, “Die Baduwis auf Java,” Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien , xix. (1889) pp. 7-10. As to the Baduwis (Badoejs) see also G. A. Wilken, Handleiding voor de vergelijkende Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië (Leyden, 1893), pp. 640-643.

A. B. Ellis, The Ewe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast , p. 107.

J. B. Neumann, “Het Pane- en Bila- Stroomgebied op het eiland Sumatra,” Tijdschrift van het Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap , Tweede Serie, dl. iii. (1886) Afdeeling, meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 2, p. 300.

J. Richardson, “Tanala Customs, Superstitions and Beliefs,” The Antananarivo Annual and Madagascar Magazine, Reprint of the First Four Numbers (Antananarivo, 1885), p. 219.

W. Cornwallis Harris, The Highlands of Aethiopia , iii. 171 sq.

Th. Lefebvre, Voyage en Abyssinie , i. p. lxxii.

Lieut. V. L. Cameron, Across Africa (London, 1877), ii. 71; id. , in Journal of the Anthropological Institute , vi. (1877) p. 173.

Ebn-el-Dyn el-Eghouâthy, “Relation d'un voyage dans l'intérieur de l'Afrique septentrionale,” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (Paris), IIme Série, i. (1834) p. 290.

J. Teit, “The Thompson Indians of British Columbia,” Memoir of the American Museum of Natural History, The Jesup North Pacific Expedition , vol. i. part iv. (April 1900) p. 360.

Th. Williams, Fiji and the Fijians . 2i. 249.

“Adventures of Andrew Battel,” in Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels , xvi. 330; O. Dapper, Description de l'Afrique , p. 330; A. Bastian, Die deutsche Expedition an der Loango-Küste , i. 262 sq. ; R. F. Burton, Abeokuta and the Cameroons Mountains , i. 147.

Proyart's “History of Loango, Kakongo,” etc., in Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels , xvi. 584.

J. L. Wilson, Western Africa , p. 202; John Duncan, Travels in Western Africa , i. 222. Compare W. W. Reade, Savage Africa , p. 543.

Paul Pogge, Im Reiche des Muata Jamwo (Berlin, 1880), p. 231.

F. T. Valdez, Six Years of a Traveller's Life in Western Africa (London, 1861), ii. 256.

A. F. Mockler-Ferryman, Up the Niger (London, 1892), p. 38.

Baron Roger, “Notice sur le gouvernement, les mœurs et les superstitions des Nègres du pays de Walo,” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (Paris), viii. (1827) p. 351.

G. Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa , ii. 45 (third edition, London, 1878); G. Casati, Ten Years in Equatoria (London and New York, 1891), i. 177. As to the various customs observed by Monbutto chiefs in drinking see G. Burrows, The Land of the Pigmies (London, 1898), pp. 88, 91.

J. G. Frazer, Totemism and Exogamy , ii. 526, from information furnished by the Rev. John Roscoe.

W. Cornwallis Harris, The Highlands of Aethiopia , iii. 78.

A. B. Ellis, The Ewe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast , pp. 162 sq.

Capt. James Cook, Voyages , v. 374 (ed. 1809).

Heraclides Cumanus, in Athenaeus, iv. 26, p. 145 b-d. On the other hand, in Kafa no one, not even the king, may eat except in the presence of a legal witness. A slave is appointed to witness the king's meals, and his office is esteemed honourable. See F. G. Massaja, in Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (Paris), Vme Série, i. (1861) pp. 330 sq. ; Ph. Paulitschke, Ethnographie Nordost-Afrikas: die geistige Cultur der Danâkil, Galla und Somâl (Berlin, 1896), pp. 248 sq.

Notes analytiques sur les collections ethnographiques du Musée du Congo , I. Les Arts, Religion (Brussels, 1902-1906), p. 164.

Mohammed Ibn-Omar el Tounsy, Voyage au Darfour (Paris, 1845), p. 203; Travels of an Arab Merchant [Mohammed Ibn-Omar el Tounsy] in Soudan , abridged from the French (of Perron) by Bayle St. John (London, 1854), pp. 91 sq.

Mohammed Ibn-Omar el Tounsy, Voyage au Ouadây (Paris, 1851), p. 375.

Ibn Batoutah, Voyages , ed. C. Defrémery et B. R. Sanguinetti (Paris, 1853-1858), iv. 441.

Le Commandant Mattei, Bas-Niger, Bénoué, Dahomey (Paris, 1895), pp. 90 sq.

H. Ternaux-Compans, Essai sur l'ancien Cundinamarca , p. 60.

Manuscrit Ramirez, histoire de l'origine des Indiens qui habitent la Nouvelle Espagne selon leurs traditions , publié par D. Charnay (Paris, 1903), pp. 107 sq.

Herodotus, i. 99.

A. B. Ellis, The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast , p. 170.

Ebn-el-Dyn el-Eghouathy, “Relation d'un voyage,” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie (Paris), IIme Série, i. (1834) p. 290; H. Duveyrier, Exploration du Sahara: les Touareg du Nord , pp. 391 sq. ; Reclus, Nouvelle Géographie Universelle , xi. 838 sq. ; James Richardson, Travels in the Great Desert of Sahara , ii. 208.

J. Wellhausen, Reste arabischen Heidentums 2(Berlin, 1897), p. 196.

Tertullian, De virginibus velandis , 17 (Migne's Patrologia Latina , ii. col. 912).

Pseudo-Dicaearchus, Descriptio Graeciae , 18, in Geographi Graeci Minores , ed. C. Müller, i. 103; id. , in Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum , ed. C. Müller, ii. 259.

G. Turner, Samoa , pp. 67 sq.

J. G. F. Riedel, “Die Landschaft Dawan oder West-Timor,” Deutsche geographische Blätter , x. 230.

A. W. Howitt, “On some Australian Ceremonies of Initiation,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute , xiii. (1884) p. 456.

Above, pp. 30 sqq.

See above, pp. 5, 8 sq.

This rule was mentioned to me in conversation by Miss Mary H. Kingsley. However, he is said to have shewn himself outside his palace on solemn occasions once or twice a year. See O. Dapper, Description de l'Afrique , pp. 311 sq. ; H. Ling Roth, Great Benin , p. 74. As to the worship of the king of Benin, see The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings , vol. i. p. 396.