Albert Beveridge - The Life of John Marshall, Volume 1 - Frontiersman, soldier, lawmaker, 1755-1788

Ib.

Thayer, 12. For camp sports, see Waldo's poem, Hist. Mag. , vii, 272-74.

Lossing, ii, 595, et seq.

Marshall, i, 230. And see Hatch's clear account of the training given by this officer (63). To the work of Von Steuben was due the excellent discipline under fire at Monmouth. And see Kapp, already cited; and Bolton, 132. Even Belcher says that our debt to Von Steuben is as great as that to Lafayette. (Belcher, ii, 14.)

Washington to President of Congress, April 30, 1778; Writings : Ford, vi, 507, and footnote to 505-06. And see Channing, iii, 292.

See Channing, iii, 286, 288; and Marshall, i, 235, 236.

Marshall, i, 237.

Sparks, 267; and Moore's Diary , i, 48-50.

Washington to McDougall, May 5, 1778; Writings : Ford, vii, 6. Washington was advised of the treaty with the French King before it was formally presented to Congress.

Description by Major André, who took part in this amazing performance, reprinted in American Historical and Literary Curiosities , following plate 26. And see Moore's Diary , ii, 52-56.

Trevelyan, iv, 376.

Marshall, i, 252.

Marshall speaks of "one thousand select men" under Wayne; Maxwell's division was with Wayne under Lee; Marshall was in the battle, and it seems certain that he was among Wayne's "select men" as on former and later occasions.

Marshall, i, 252.

Lafayette to Marshall; Marshall, i, footnote to 255.

Marshall, i, 254-59.

For descriptions of the battle of Monmouth see Washington to President of Congress, July 1, 1778; Writings : Ford, vii, 76-86; and to John Augustine Washington, July 4, 1778; ib. , 89-92. Also Marshall, i, 251-56; Trevelyan, iv, 376-80; Irving, iii, 423-34; Sparks, 272-78; Lossing, ii, 354-65.

Marshall, i, 251-56.

Ib. , 257.

Ib. , 257-58.

Girardin follows Marshall in his fair treatment of Lee. (Burk, iv, 290.)

He was promoted July 1, 1778. (Heitman, 285.)

The whole patriot army everywhere, except in the extreme south and west, now numbered only sixteen thousand men. (Marshall, i, 306-07.)

The fullest and most accurate account of the capture of Stony Point, and conditions immediately preceding, is given by Dawson in his Assault on Stony Point .

Binney, in Dillon, iii, 315-16. The care in the selection of the various commands of "light infantry," so often used by Washington after the first year of the war, is well illustrated by his orders in this case. "The officers commanding regiments," runs Washington's orders, "will be particularly careful in the choice of the men… The Adjutant General is desired to pass the men … under critical inspection, and return all who on any account shall appear unfit for this kind of service to their regiments, to be replaced by others whom he shall approve." (Washington's Order Book, iii, 110-11; MS., Lib. Cong.)

Washington to Wayne (Private and Confidential), July 1, 1779; Dawson, 18-19.

Dawson, 20. Wayne's demand for sustenance and clothing, however, is amusing. "The Light Corps under my Command," writes Wayne, "… have had but two days fresh Provision … nor more than three days allowance of Rum in twelve days , which article I borrowed from Genl McDougall with a Promise to Replace it. I owe him Seventy five Gallons – must therefore desire you to forward three Hodds [hogsheads] of Rum to this place with all possible Dispatch together with a few fat sheep & ten Head of good Cattle." (Wayne to Issuing Commissary, July 9, 1779; ib. , 20-21.)

Wayne wrote to Washington concerning clothing: "I have an [word illegible] Prejudice in favor of an Elegant Uniform & Soldierly Appearance – … I would much rathar risque my life and Reputation at the Head of the same men in an Attack Clothed & Appointed as I could wish – with a Single Charge of Ammunition – than to take them as they appear in Common with Sixty Rounds of Cartridges." (Dawson, 20-21.)

Washington wrote in reply: "I agree perfectly with you." ( Ib. , 21.)

Marshall, i, 310.

Wayne's order of battle was as picturesque as it was specific. Officer and private were directed "to fix a Piece of White paper in the most Conspicuous part of his Hat or Cap … their Arms unloaded placing their whole Dependence on the Bayt… If any Soldier presumes to take his Musket from his Shoulder or Attempt to fire or begin the battle until Ordered by his proper Officer he shall be Instantly put to death by the Officer next him… Should any Soldier … attempt to Retreat one Single foot or Sculk in the face of danger, the Officer next to him is Immediately to put him to death." ( Ib. , 35-38.)

Wayne to Delaney, July 15, 1779; Dawson, 46-47.

The generous and even kindly treatment which the Americans accorded the vanquished British is in striking contrast with the latter's treatment of Americans under similar circumstances. When the fort was taken, the British cried, " Mercy, mercy, dear, dear Americans ," and not a man was injured by the victors after he ceased to resist. (Dawson, 53; and Marshall, i, 311.)

The fort was captured so quickly that the detachment to which Marshall was assigned had no opportunity to advance.

Marshall, i, 314.

Ib. , 314-16.

The rolls show Marshall in active service as captain until December 9, 1779. (Records, War Dept.) He retired from the service February 12, 1781. (Heitman, 285.)

Binney, in Dillon, iii, 290. There often were more officers of a State line than there were men to be officered; this was caused by expiring enlistments of regiments.

Tucker, i, 136.

Marshall, i, 418.

Ib. , 139.

Marshall, i, 419; Binney, in Dillon, iii, 290.

Even the frightened Virginia women were ashamed. "Such terror and confusion you have no idea of. Governor, Council, everybody scampering… How dreadful the idea of an enemy passing through such a country as ours committing enormities that fill the mind with horror and returning exultantly without meeting one impediment to discourage them." (Eliza Ambler to Mildred Smith, 1781 MS. Also Atlantic Monthly , lxxxiv, 538-39.) Miss Ambler was amused, too, it seems. She humorously describes a boastful man's precipitate flight and adds: "But this is not more laughable than the accounts we have of our illustrious G-[overno] – r [Jefferson] who, they say, took neither rest nor food for man or horse till he reached C-[arte] – r's mountain." ( Ib. ) This letter, as it appears in the Atlantic Monthly , differs slightly from the manuscript, which has been followed in this note.