Albert Beveridge - The Life of John Marshall, Volume 1 - Frontiersman, soldier, lawmaker, 1755-1788

Marshall, i, 156; and Trevelyan, iv, 230-31. Washington reported that Wayne and Maxwell's men retreated only "after a severe conflict." (Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 69.)

Trevelyan, iv, 232.

Marshall, i, 157-58.

Ib. ; and see Irving, iii, 200-09.

Marshall, i, 158-59.

Four years afterward Chastellux found that "most of the trees bear the mark of bullets or cannon shot." (Chastellux, 118.)

Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 11, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 70.

Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 141, and see Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 81.

Marshall, i, 160.

Marshall, i, 160. When their enlistments expired, the soldiers took the Government's muskets and bayonets home with them. Thus thousands of muskets and bayonets continually disappeared. (See Kapp, 117.)

Marshall, i, 160-61.

Ib.

Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 81-82.

This is an inference, but a fair one. Maxwell was under Wayne; and Marshall was one of Maxwell's light infantry of picked men. ( Supra. )

Marshall, i, 161. "The British accounts represent the American loss to have been much larger. It probably amounted to at least three hundred men." ( Ib. , footnote.)

Ib. , and see Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog. , i, 305.

Marshall repeatedly expresses this thought in his entire account of the war.

Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 80.

Marshall, i, 162.

Ib.

Washington to President of Congress, Sept. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 82.

Works : Adams, ii, 437.

Ib.

Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog. , xvi, 197 et seq.

American officer's description of the battle. ( Ib. , xi, 330.)

Marshall, i, 168.

Ib. , 168-69.

From an American officer's description, in Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog. , xi, 330.

Ib. , 331-32.

Ib.

"The rebels carried off a large number of their wounded as we could see by the blood on the roads, on which we followed them so far [nine miles]." (British officer's account of battle; Pa. Mag. Hist. and Biog. , xvi, 197 et seq. )

Marshall, i, 170-71.

Ib. , 181.

Ib. , 181-82.

Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 287. Marshall omits this sentence in his second edition. But his revised account is severe enough.

The Reverend Jacob Duché, to Washington, Oct. 8, 1777; Cor. Rev. : Sparks, i, 448-58.

Washington to President of Congress, Dec. 10, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 238-39.

Clark's Diary, Proc. , N.J. Hist. Soc. (1st Series), vii, 102-03. "It seems that the enemy had waited all this time before our lines to decoy us from the heights we possessed." ( Ib. )

Marshall, i, 184.

Marshall, i, 184.

It appears that, throughout the Revolution, Pennsylvania's metropolis was noted for its luxury. An American soldier wrote in 1779: "Philada. may answer very well for a man with his pockets well lined, whose pursuit is idleness and dissipation. But to us who are not in the first predicament, and who are not upon the latter errand, it is intolerable… A morning visit, a dinner at 5 o'clock – Tea at 8 or 9 – supper and up all night is the round die in diem … We have advanced as far in luxury in the third year of our Indepeny. as the old musty Republics of Greece and Rome did in twice as many hundreds." (Tilghman to McHenry, Jan. 25, 1799; Steiner, 25.)

Trevelyan, iv, 279.

Ib. , 280.

Ib.

The influence of Margaret Shippen in causing Arnold's treason is now questioned by some. (See Avery, vi, 243-49.)

Trevelyan, iv, 281-82.

Ib. , 278-80.

Ib. , 268-69; also Marshall, i, 215. The German countrymen, however, were loyal to the patriot cause. The Moravians at Bethlehem, though their religion forbade them from bearing arms, in another way served as effectually as Washington's soldiers. (See Trevelyan, iv, 298-99.)

Trevelyan, iv, 290.

The huts were fourteen by sixteen feet, and twelve soldiers occupied each hut. (Sparks, 245.)

"The men were literally naked [Feb. 1] some of them in the fullest extent of the word." (Von Steuben, as quoted in Kapp, 118.)

Hist. Mag. , v, 170.

Washington to President of Congress, Dec. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 260.

Marshall, i, 213.

Ib. , 215.

Washington to President of Congress, Dec. 23, 1777; Writings : Ford, vi, 258.

"The poor soldiers were half naked, and had been half starved, having been compelled, for weeks, to subsist on simple flour alone and this too in a land almost literally flowing with milk and honey." (Watson's description after visiting the camp, Watson, 63.)

Marshall (1st ed.), iii, 341.

Hist. Mag. , v, 131.

Ib.

Ib. , 132.

Hist. Mag. , v, 132-33.

Hist. Mag. , v, 131-32.

Trevelyan, iv, 297.

Ib. For putrid condition of the camp in March and April, 1778, see Weedon, 254-55 and 288-89.

Trevelyan, iv, 298.

Ib.

Personal narrative; Shreve, Mag. Amer. Hist. , Sept., 1897, 568.