Albert Beveridge - The Life of John Marshall (Volume 2 of 4)

Richmond and Manchester Advertiser , April 27, 1796.

Carrington to the President, April 27, 1796; MS., Lib. Cong.

Marshall to King, April 25, 1796; King, ii, 45-46.

Washington to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796; Writings : Ford, xiii, 208.

Robert Morris to James M. Marshall, May 1, 1796; Morris's Private Letter Book; MS., Lib. Cong.

Story, in Dillon, iii, 350.

Marshall to King, April 19, 1796; Hamilton MSS., Lib. Cong. Hamilton, it seems, had also asked Marshall to make overtures to Patrick Henry for the Presidency. (King, ii, footnote to 46.) But no correspondence between Hamilton and Marshall upon this subject has been discovered. Marshall's correspondence about Henry was with King.

Marshall to King, May 24, 1796; King, ii, 48.

For an accurate description of the unparalleled abuse of Washington, see McMaster, ii, 249-50, 289-91, 302-06.

Marshall, ii, 391-92. Also see Washington to Pickering, March 3, 1797; Writings : Ford, xiii, 378-80; and to Gordon, Oct. 15; ib. , 427.

Journal, H.D. (1796), 46-47; MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.

Journal, H.D. (1796), 153; MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.

Ib.

Ib. This amendment is historically important for another reason. It is the first time that the Virginia Legislature refers to that Commonwealth as a "State" in contra-distinction to the country. Although the Journal shows that this important motion was passed, the manuscript draft of the resolution signed by the presiding officer of both Houses does not show the change. (MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.)

Story, in Dillon, iii, 355. Marshall's account was inaccurate, as we have seen. His memory was confused as to the vote in the two contests ( supra ), a very natural thing after the lapse of twenty years. In the first contest the House of Delegates voted overwhelmingly against including the word "wisdom" in the resolutions; and on the Senate amendment restored it by a dangerously small majority. On the second contest in 1796, when Marshall declares that Washington's friends won "by a very small majority," they were actually defeated.

Journal, H. D., 153-90.

Aurora , Monday, March 5, 1797. This paper, expressing Republican hatred of Washington, had long been assailing him. For instance, on October 24, 1795, a correspondent, in the course of a scandalous attack upon the President, said: "The consecrated ermine of Presidential chastity seems too foul for time itself to bleach." (See Cobbett, i, 411; and ib. , 444, where the Aurora is represented as having said that "Washington has the ostentation of an eastern bashaw.") From August to September the Aurora had accused Washington of peculation. (See "Calm Observer" in Aurora , Oct. 23 to Nov. 5, 1795.)

Henry to his daughter, Aug. 20, 1796; Henry, ii, 569-70. Henry was now an enemy of Jefferson and his dislike was heartily reciprocated.

Washington to Jefferson, July 6, 1796; Writings : Ford, xiii, 230-31. This letter is in answer to a letter from Jefferson denying responsibility for the publication of a Cabinet paper in the Aurora . (Jefferson to Washington, June 19, 1796; Works : Ford, viii, 245; and see Marshall, ii, 390-91.) Even in Congress Washington did not escape. In the debate over the last address of the National Legislature to the President, Giles of Virginia declared that Washington had been "neither wise nor firm." He did not think "so much of the President." He "wished him to retire … the government of the United States could go on very well without him." ( Annals , 4th Cong., 2d Sess. (Dec. 14, 1796), 1614-18.) On the three roll-calls and passage of the address Giles voted against Washington. ( Ib. , 1666-68.) So did Andrew Jackson, a new member from Tennessee. ( Ib. )

The unpopularity of Washington's Administration led to the hostile policy of Bache's paper, largely as a matter of business. This provident editor became fiercely "Republican" because, as he explained to his relative, Temple Franklin, in England, he "could not [otherwise] maintain his family," and "he had determined to adopt a bold experiment and to come out openly against the Administration. He thought the public temper would bear it." (Marshall to Pickering, Feb. 28, 1811, relating the statement of Temple Franklin to James M. Marshall while in England in 1793.)

Southern Literary Messenger , 1836, ii, 181-91; also see Howe, 266.

Southern Literary Messenger , ii, 181-91; also Howe, 266. Apparently the older lawyer had been paid the one hundred dollars, for prepayment was customary in Virginia at the time. (See La Rochefoucauld, iii, 76.) This tale, fairly well authenticated, is so characteristic of Marshall that it is important. It visualizes the man as he really was. (See Jefferson's reference, in his letter to Madison, to Marshall's "lax, lounging manners," supra , 139.)

Story, in Dillon, iii, 363.

Wirt: The British Spy , 110-12.

Mazzei's Recherches sur les États-Unis , published in this year (1788) in four volumes.

Marshall himself could not read French at this time. (See infra , chap. vi.)

In this chapter of Marshall's receipts and expenditures all items are from his Account Book, described in vol. i, chap. v, of this work.

Marshall's third child, Mary, was born Sept. 17, of this year.

La Rochefoucauld, iii, 75-76.

Records, Henrico County, Virginia, Deed Book, iii, 74.

In 1911 the City Council of Richmond presented this house to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, which now owns and occupies it.

Mordecai, 63-70; and ib. , chap. vii.

La Rochefoucauld, iii, 63. Negroes made up one third of the population.

Ib. , 64; also Christian, 30.

This celebrated French playwright and adventurer is soon to appear again at a dramatic moment of Marshall's life. (See infra , chaps. vi to viii.)

Marshall's bill in equity in the "High Court of Chancery sitting in Richmond," January 1, 1803; Chamberlin MSS., Boston Public Library. Marshall, then Chief Justice, personally drew this bill. After the Fairfax transaction, he seems to have left to his brother and partner, James M. Marshall, the practical handling of his business affairs.

Memorial of William F. Ast and others; MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.

Christian, 46.

This company is still doing business in Richmond.

Christian, 46.