Елизавета Камзина - Theory and practical aspects of Internationa settlements. Economic cooperation

The solution to minimize this risk, the author's opinion, may be costing and losses from the performance of obligations of the seller to the buyer. The buyer would have brought as a deposit (Art. 380, 381 of the Civil Code) [44] «Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации (часть первая)» от 30.11.1994 № 54-ФЗ (в ред. от 30.11.2011) // Российская газета. – 1994. – № 238-239. . Thus the buyer would affirm its intention to purchase goods and to “insure” against improper performance of an obligation to deliver the goods by the seller;

– if confidence in the uniqueness of its product and doubts about the solvency of the buyer, the seller is willing to provide warranty receipt of payment for goods and insisting on payment in the form of a letter of credit, so the buyer or their own, or borrowed money used to open letters of credit, what makes sure the seller and ships the goods, due to the Credit provides a package of documents to the bank and get cash, goods and the buyer.

Credit institutions (banks) involved in the calculations as operators (agents) are professional intermediaries in monetary engaged in banking operations, the remuneration for the performance of which is one of the articles of their income as “burdening the activity of a person obliges him to compensate for time spent and strength” [45] Камзин Н.Л. Распыление стоимости предмета залога среди аффилированных кредитной организации структур // Вестник Самарского государственного экономического университета. – 2010. – № 5 (67). – С. 43. .

To increase their competitiveness and attractiveness, credit institutions form a network of branches and representative offices, is one of the options for resolving the issue. Another is the result of the expression “do not have a hundred rubles, and a hundred friends” through the establishment of correspondent relations and opening of accounts Loro and Nostro lenders time keeping remains at the required volumes, can meet the customer need to transfer funds within the framework of international economic cooperation in light of its of interest. However, one should consider the risks of interbank loans, the level of which is usually lower than on loans to customers [46] Королев О.Г. Организация управленческого учета в коммерческом банке. – М.: Экономические науки. – 2006. – С. 103. .

For the calculation of commercial banks – one of the main areas of activity [47] Лаврушина О.И. Банковское дело. – М.: КНОРУС. 2009. – С. 132. . Development of International Settlements is the ratio of static models taken from the overall dynamics of the use of tools and execution of financial obligations in the framework of international economic cooperation.

Payment method is a method of performance, and its choice depends on several factors caused, first of all the aspirations of the parties and their level of interaction. In mathematical science is the concept of “+” infinity and “-“ infinity, which are impossible to achieve the aspiration of a point. In organizing the settlement of relations among the parties such aspirations. At the same psychology of their actions is as follows.

The motive for the entry into the relationship and the cause of their activity is originated and unmet need. One side needs to be in the product or service, and another, being able to provide a service or product having wished to implement their own capacity for adequate compensation, and preferably in the form of “silver, which goes from the merchants” [48] Библия. Первая книга Моисеева. Бытие. SGP. Box 516. – Chicago. IL 60690-0516 USA. 1990. – С. 22. accounting currency. Although depending on the arrangements and the needs of the parties in practice meets the set of combinations of forms of payment. However, the essence remains the same one of the parties expects the execution of financial obligations, and agrees to comply with it is different with the appropriate correspondence.

Credit institutions which are the operator’s money attract deposits and open accounts in which funds are placed individuals and entities. In this case the client's order imperative for the credit institution. As a form of customer orders is entitled to require the issuance of money in cash, or transfer an amount to another account, the account of another person in another credit institution. Thus, there will be transfer of money orders a person to the account holder and therefore, it would oblige him either to this amount, or will meet financial commitments in a given volume.

Cashless payments are made through lending institutions (branches) or the central banks of the accounts opened under the contract of bank account or a correspondent account contract (sub account).

Payment transactions to transfer money through credit institutions (branches) can be implemented using:

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Автономов В.С. Модель человека в экономической науке. – СПб.: Экономическая школа. 1998. – 230 с.

Ван-Хуз Д.Д. Миллер Р.Л. Современные деньги и банковское дело. – М.: ИНФРА-М. 2000. – C. 800.

Яскевич Я.С. Методология и этика в современной науке: поиск открытой рациональности. – Минск: БГЭУ. 2007. – С. 33.

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