David Crane - Scott of the Antarctic - A Life of Courage and Tragedy in the Extreme South

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David Crane has given us the definitive biography of one of Britain’s greatest heroes and explorers.‘It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more…For God’s sake look after our people.’These were the final words written in Scott’s diary on 29 March 1912, as he lay dying in his tent with Birdie Bowers and Edward Wilson. Oates had taken himself into a blizzard a few days before, and the fifth member of the Polar party, Edgar Evans, had died some ten days previously, worn out by the cold and physical effort of the journey across Antarctica.Since then Scott has been the subject of many books – many hagiographical, others dismissive and scathing. Yet in all the pages that have been written about him, the personality behind the legend has been forgotten or distorted beyond all recognition.David Crane’s magisterial biography, based on years of close and detailed research with the original documents, redresses this completely. By reassessing Scott’s life and his substantial scientific achievements, Crane is able to provide a fresh and exciting perspective on both the Discovery expedition of 1901-4 and the Terra Nova expedition of 1910-12. The courage and tragedy of Scott’s last journey are only one part of the process, for the scientific enquiry that led up to it transformed the whole nature and ambition of Antarctic exploration.Scott’s own voice echoes through the pages. His descriptions of the monumental landscape of Antarctica in all its fatal and icy beauty are breathtaking; his honest, heartfelt letters and diaries give the reader an unforgettable account of the challenges he faced both in his personal life and as a superlative leader of men in possibly the harshest environment on the planet.Written with the full support of Scott’s surviving relatives, this definitive biography sets out to reconcile the very private struggles of the man with the very public life of extremes that he led.Note that it has not been possible to include the same picture content that appeared in the original print version.

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To his mother, however, none of the bewilderment or anger was ever allowed to surface. ‘My Own Dearest Mother,’ he wrote to her from Gibraltar,

I got your letter this morning. Don’t blame yourself for what has happened, dear. Whatever we have cause to bless ourselves for, comes from you. He died like the true-hearted gentleman he was, but to you we owe the first lessons and example that made us gentlemen. This thing is most terrible to us all but it is no penalty for any act of yours …

In another matter I think I can afford a key other than your construction. Arch and I discussed his commissionership in all lights … and it was in regard to that, that his remark about leaving the artillery fell from him. Of this I am sure: he never regretted leaving Weymouth. Often and often when we were about there he said, ‘Well, old chap, this is all very narrow. I am awfully glad to have got away and seen the world a bit.’

Of course he loved his corps, but he never thought of it as a thing left behind and never was anything but glad to have left the dull routine of garrison duty.

I’m glad you got that nice letter from the Governor. Oh, my dear, it is something to know that everyone thought him a fine chap. His popularity was marvellous – he was such a fine gentleman. God bless you … Don’t be bitter, dear.

Your loving son

Con.

Hannah Scott had joined her daughters in Paris for six months, where they had gone to learn the dressmaking business, but with his father and Archie both dead, the financial burden for the family now fell on Scott, generously helped by Ettie’s new husband, the old Etonian, Unionist MP for Antrim and Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty, Willy Ellison-Macartney. ‘It seems to me to boil down to this,’ Scott had written to Ettie only weeks before Arch’s death:

that you & Willy are proposing to act in a most generous manner in the matter of the insurance; mother and the girls (especially the former) have been given new life by the proposal, (which if the business succeeds only moderately well will prove satisfactory all round … )

The saving of Mother’s money has an enormous effect on her peace of mind, as of course was to be expected. Therefore the future arrangements seem to be

You are insured for £1500 & pay something like £45 per annum

Arch pays to the ménage £120 & I some £70

The above £190 plus £30 from Outlands & £30 interest on Mother’s capital – £250 forms the home income

But of above is paid £40 as interest on loan £1000 leaving a net income of over £200

All expenses in connection with the business to come out of the £1000

Expenses of the Paris scheme [the dressmaking] to be debited on the £1000 advance.

It was a bathetic world for an ambitious young naval officer to find himself in, but Scott did not flinch. He had been prepared to sacrifice his career prospects in the immediate aftermath of the financial crash so that he could be at Devonport near his family, but with Archie dead and another £120 to be found, the only thing that concerned him now was promotion.

He might still sometimes wonder ‘whether the game is worth a candle’, but that was just idle talk. In letter after letter he comes back to the subject, and the endless speculation, manoeuvring and jobbing that the whole business of joining ‘the ranks of the advancers’ entailed: ‘if this can be worked I shall have little to grumble at’; ‘in with all the Flagship now’; ‘the Flag Captain is rather a friend of mine thanks to Ettie’; ‘Fraser would of course be only too delighted for me to succeed him’; ‘I can only hope to become known to their successors’; ‘I trust he will not forget me’.

Even before his father’s death he had been aiming high, applying for a berth in the senior Royal Yacht, Victoria & Albert , that would have put him at the heart of that unrivalled nexus of connections and patronage that effectively ran the service. ‘I want you to tell father the following about the Yacht of my year,’ he wrote home with that clear thinking and lack of resentment that always characterised his attitude to what he called the navy’s ‘much gilded’ youth: ‘I fear it will disappoint him – next to my name in the Navy List he will find Stanley – Michael Colme-Seymour & Goodenough – Stanley is a godson of the Queen, son of the Earl of Derby, a nice chap, popular and has war service (though only Egyptian) – Michael Seymour is of course the son of the Admiral which is saying a great deal as by the time of selection, his father will be at Portsmouth in command … Goodenough is very well connected, has been in the Yacht and in the Mediterranean Yacht, has many personal friends in high places, war service and altogether an excellent chance. Mike Seymour tells me all three people will try for the billet – so you see I fear there’s a very poor chance for me.’

Scott was right – Colme-Seymour got the post – but if he failed with the Yacht, he was more successful in his next ambition, joining the flagship of the Channel Fleet under the command of Prince Louis of Battenberg in July 1897. Among all the ships Scott served in, the Majestic and ‘Majestics’ would always hold a special place, and over the next three years he forged many of those key loyalties and friendships – Skelton, Barne, Evans, Egerton, Campbell – that would last his life. It was in Majestic , too, that Scott established himself beyond any question in his profession. He was not sure whether Prince Louis ‘liked’ him or not, ‘but at any rate’, he told his mother, ‘he thinks me able for my work which is the main thing’. ‘I think I said I would tell you about our doings at Palma Bay,’ he reported home in the same letter.

Well, they were most successful. We had a great time at our various exercises and everything went swimmingly; they left everything in my hands and I was a great man bossing the whole show. On the second day the Admiral came ashore and I showed him around the different arrangements – of course he knew very little about it, but by judiciously working his fads in, I think we made the whole thing popular … I am quite pleased with myself because it is the first time anything of the sort has been done in the Channel. On the last day we had a night attack of which I drew out the whole scheme; altogether I feel the torpedo department has asserted itself to some purpose. Now that Hickley leaves they are about to give me his work as well as my own – having no one else they can entrust it to. It suits me on the whole as having now established myself as a competent torpedo man, my policy is to show myself able to do the general duties … and I think there is no doubt I shall be able to manage the ‘Vernon’ next year, if I want it; it is satisfactory to think that promotion is more or less certain within something like a limited time and one joins the ranks of the advancers. Meanwhile I know you will like to hear that everything flourishes with my work here.

For all the cheery triumphalism of this letter – Scott was always wonderfully good in that way with his mother, endlessly ready to indulge maternal pride at the expense of his own innate hatred of ‘show’ – it touches on the one aspect of his career prospects that worried him. ‘Everything went well,’ he wrote home from Port Mahon again the following week, ‘and the Admiral was exceedingly nice about it so that I think my character as a torpedo man is established … But I have my eye also on another thing which is I fear a bit out of my reach. When Campbell [his future best man] is promoted I should like to be thought of as first lieutenant. They may not think me sufficiently good as a general service officer however, which worries me a bit, and since it would have to be done against the gunnery people I fear they won’t see it in the same light. However I shall wait my opportunity – and as Hickey’s work has come down on me as well, it may come that way.’

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