Hannah Smith - Erdogan Rising
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ERDOĞAN RISING
The Battle for the Soul of Turkey
Hannah Lucinda Smith
Copyright
William Collins
An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
1 London Bridge Street
London SE1 9GF
www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com
This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2019
Copyright © Hannah Lucinda Smith 2019
Cover image © Getty Images/Bloomberg/Contributor
Hannah Lucinda Smith asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work
Maps by Martin Brown
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins
Source ISBN: 9780008308841
Ebook Edition © September 2019 ISBN: 9780008308865
Version: 2019-08-26
Dedication
For my dad, who planted so many seeds
Epigraph
Yet the school of Turkish politics was so ignoble that not even the best could graduate from it unaffected.
T. E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Epigraph
Maps
Cast of Characters
Acronyms
Timeline
Introduction
1 Two Turkeys, Two Tribes
2 Syria: The Backstory
3 Building Brand Erdoğan
4 Erdoğan and Friends
5 Syria: The War Next Door
6 The Exodus
7 The Kurds
8 Peace, Interrupted
9 The Coup
10 Atatürk’s Children
11 Erdoğan’s New Turkey
12 Spin
13 The Misfits
14 The War Leaders
15 Erdoğan’s Endgame
List of Illustrations
Picture Section
Select Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgements
About the Author
About the Publisher
MAPS
Turkey
Syria and Turkish border region
Refugee smuggling routes from Turkey to Europe
Kurdish region of Turkey, Iraq and Syria
Istanbul
Areas where Turkish army is fighting in northern Syria
CAST OF CHARACTERS
| Clique | |
| Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | president of Turkey, former prime minister and mayor of Istanbul |
| Berat Albayrak | Erdoğan’s son-in-law, current economy minister |
| Hüseyin Besli | Erdoğan’s speechwriter |
| Ahmet Davutoğlu | foreign minister, later Turkish prime minister |
| Necmettin Erbakan | leader of the National Salvation Party, Erdoğan’s first party |
| Abdullah Gül | Erdoğan’s early ally, former president |
| I˙brahim Kalın | Erdoğan’s spokesman |
| Hilâl Kaplan | pro-Erdoğan journalist |
| Erol Olçok | spin doctor |
| Opposition | |
| Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | founder of the Turkish Republic |
| Selahattin Demirtaş | Kurdish political leader |
| Muharrem I˙nce | Erdoğan’s 2018 presidential rival |
| Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu | leader of the opposition |
| Enemies | |
| Fethullah Gülen | Islamist cleric and accused coup plotter |
| Abdullah Öcalan | leader of the PKK, Kurdish militant group |
ACRONYMS
| AKP | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi : Justice and Development Party, Erdoğan’s group, centre-right Islamist |
| CHP | Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi : Republican People’s Party, Atatürk’s group and main opposition, led by Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, left-leaning secularist |
| FSA | Free Syrian Army: mainstream armed opposition to Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad. Originally nationalist, later infiltrated and overtaken by Islamist elements. Supported at various times by Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, US, UK and other European countries |
| HDP | Halkların Demokratik Partisi : People’s Democratic Party, main Kurdish group, led by Selahattin Demirtaş |
| Isis | Islamic State of Iraq and Syria: extreme Islamist group comprised mainly of foreign fighters who travelled into Syria via Turkey. Initially tolerated by the FSA, later turned against them and seized huge tracts of rebel-held Syria |
| JAN | Jabhat al-Nusra : the Support Front, Al-Qaeda’s franchise in Syria. Comprised mainly of Syrian Islamists, largely fought alongside the FSA. Listed as a terror group by the US in December 2012 |
| MSP | Milli Selâmet Partisi : National Salvation Party, main Islamist group in 1970s and Erdoğan’s first party, led by Necmettin Erbakan, anti-Western Islamist. Closed following the 1980 coup |
| PKK | Partiye Karkerên Kurdistanê : Kurdistan Workers’ Party, Kurdish militia founded by Abdullah Öcalan in 1978, fighting insurgency in south-eastern Turkey since 1984. Banned in Turkey, EU and United States |
| RP | Refah Partisi : Welfare Party, Erbakan’s new group and main Islamist party in 1980s and 1990s. Closed following the 1997 coup |
| YPG | Yekîneyên Parastina Gel : People’s Protection Units, Syrian wing of the PKK. Founded in 2004 but rose to prominence during the Syrian conflict. Classed as terror group in Turkey; allied with US in fight against Isis |
TIMELINE
| 1923 | Atatürk founds the Turkish Republic |
| 1938 | Atatürk dies |
| 1950 | Turkey’s first democratic elections |
| 1960 | First coup of the republic |
| 1971 | Second coup of the republic |
| 1980 | Third coup of the republic |
| 1994 | Erdoğan becomes mayor of Istanbul |
| 1997 | ‘Postmodern coup’ brings down Necmettin Erbakan, Turkey’s first Islamist prime minister |
| 1998 | Erdoğan sent to prison for reciting Islamist poem at a rally |
| 2002 | November: AKP voted in for the first time |
| 2003 | March: Erdoğan becomes prime minister |
| 2007 | Abdullah Gül becomes president |
| 2011 | Syrian uprising begins |
| 2013 | March: Turkey begins peace process with the PKKMay/June: Gezi park protests in TurkeyDecember: Corruption scandal rocks the AKP, crackdown on Fethullah Gülen begins |
| 2014 | August: Erdoğan steps down as prime minister and becomes Turkey’s first directly elected president |
| 2015 | Refugee crisis brings more than a million people from Turkey to the European UnionJuly: Turkey–PKK ceasefire collapses |
| 2016 | March: Turkey and EU sign 6 billion euro refugee dealJuly: Rogue generals launch coup attempt against Erdoğan |
| 2017 | April: Erdoğan wins constitutional referendum to change Turkey from parliamentary to presidential system |
| 2018 | June: Erdoğan wins presidential elections, triggering constitutional reforms and installing him in the palace until 2023 |
INTRODUCTION
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