Hannah Smith - Erdogan Rising

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Everyone has heard of Erdogan: Turkey’s bullish, mercurial president is the original postmodern populist. Around the world, other strongmen are now following the path that he has blazed. For the first time, ERDOGAN RISING tells the inside story of how a democracy on the fringe of Europe has succumbed to dictatorship. Hannah Lucinda Smith, Turkey correspondent with The Times of London, has witnessed all that has befallen Turkey and the wider region since the onset of the Arab Spring. From the frontlines of the wars in Syria and eastern Turkey, through the refugee crisis and the attempted coup against Erdogan, she traces how chaos in the Middle East has blown back on a country that was once heralded as the model of Islamic democracy. With access to key insiders, she also paints a vivid portrait of Erdogan’s descent from flawed democrat to staunch authoritarian.ERDOGAN RISING is a story rooted in Smith’s first-hand experiences of a country divided, told through the eyes of a rich cast of characters. She journeys into the Turkey where Erdogan commands a following so devoted they compose songs in his honour, adorn their houses with his picture, and lay down their lives to keep him in power. But on the other side – sometimes just a few hundred metres down the road – she also meets the Turks who are mourning the loss of the country they once knew.ERDOGAN RISING serves as a chilling warning of democracy’s fragility – and reveals how much people can change.

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ERDOĞAN RISING

The Battle for the Soul of Turkey

Hannah Lucinda Smith

Copyright

William Collins

An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

1 London Bridge Street

London SE1 9GF

www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com

This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2019

Copyright © Hannah Lucinda Smith 2019

Cover image © Getty Images/Bloomberg/Contributor

Hannah Lucinda Smith asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

Maps by Martin Brown

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins

Source ISBN: 9780008308841

Ebook Edition © September 2019 ISBN: 9780008308865

Version: 2019-08-26

Dedication

For my dad, who planted so many seeds

Epigraph

Yet the school of Turkish politics was so ignoble that not even the best could graduate from it unaffected.

T. E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Epigraph

Maps

Cast of Characters

Acronyms

Timeline

Introduction

1 Two Turkeys, Two Tribes

2 Syria: The Backstory

3 Building Brand Erdoğan

4 Erdoğan and Friends

5 Syria: The War Next Door

6 The Exodus

7 The Kurds

8 Peace, Interrupted

9 The Coup

10 Atatürk’s Children

11 Erdoğan’s New Turkey

12 Spin

13 The Misfits

14 The War Leaders

15 Erdoğan’s Endgame

List of Illustrations

Picture Section

Select Bibliography

Index

Acknowledgements

About the Author

About the Publisher

MAPS

Turkey

Syria and Turkish border region

Refugee smuggling routes from Turkey to Europe

Kurdish region of Turkey, Iraq and Syria

Istanbul

Areas where Turkish army is fighting in northern Syria

CAST OF CHARACTERS

Clique
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan president of Turkey, former prime minister and mayor of Istanbul
Berat Albayrak Erdoğan’s son-in-law, current economy minister
Hüseyin Besli Erdoğan’s speechwriter
Ahmet Davutoğlu foreign minister, later Turkish prime minister
Necmettin Erbakan leader of the National Salvation Party, Erdoğan’s first party
Abdullah Gül Erdoğan’s early ally, former president
I˙brahim Kalın Erdoğan’s spokesman
Hilâl Kaplan pro-Erdoğan journalist
Erol Olçok spin doctor
Opposition
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founder of the Turkish Republic
Selahattin Demirtaş Kurdish political leader
Muharrem I˙nce Erdoğan’s 2018 presidential rival
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu leader of the opposition
Enemies
Fethullah Gülen Islamist cleric and accused coup plotter
Abdullah Öcalan leader of the PKK, Kurdish militant group

ACRONYMS

AKP Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi : Justice and Development Party, Erdoğan’s group, centre-right Islamist
CHP Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi : Republican People’s Party, Atatürk’s group and main opposition, led by Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, left-leaning secularist
FSA Free Syrian Army: mainstream armed opposition to Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad. Originally nationalist, later infiltrated and overtaken by Islamist elements. Supported at various times by Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, US, UK and other European countries
HDP Halkların Demokratik Partisi : People’s Democratic Party, main Kurdish group, led by Selahattin Demirtaş
Isis Islamic State of Iraq and Syria: extreme Islamist group comprised mainly of foreign fighters who travelled into Syria via Turkey. Initially tolerated by the FSA, later turned against them and seized huge tracts of rebel-held Syria
JAN Jabhat al-Nusra : the Support Front, Al-Qaeda’s franchise in Syria. Comprised mainly of Syrian Islamists, largely fought alongside the FSA. Listed as a terror group by the US in December 2012
MSP Milli Selâmet Partisi : National Salvation Party, main Islamist group in 1970s and Erdoğan’s first party, led by Necmettin Erbakan, anti-Western Islamist. Closed following the 1980 coup
PKK Partiye Karkerên Kurdistanê : Kurdistan Workers’ Party, Kurdish militia founded by Abdullah Öcalan in 1978, fighting insurgency in south-eastern Turkey since 1984. Banned in Turkey, EU and United States
RP Refah Partisi : Welfare Party, Erbakan’s new group and main Islamist party in 1980s and 1990s. Closed following the 1997 coup
YPG Yekîneyên Parastina Gel : People’s Protection Units, Syrian wing of the PKK. Founded in 2004 but rose to prominence during the Syrian conflict. Classed as terror group in Turkey; allied with US in fight against Isis

TIMELINE

1923 Atatürk founds the Turkish Republic
1938 Atatürk dies
1950 Turkey’s first democratic elections
1960 First coup of the republic
1971 Second coup of the republic
1980 Third coup of the republic
1994 Erdoğan becomes mayor of Istanbul
1997 ‘Postmodern coup’ brings down Necmettin Erbakan, Turkey’s first Islamist prime minister
1998 Erdoğan sent to prison for reciting Islamist poem at a rally
2002 November: AKP voted in for the first time
2003 March: Erdoğan becomes prime minister
2007 Abdullah Gül becomes president
2011 Syrian uprising begins
2013 March: Turkey begins peace process with the PKKMay/June: Gezi park protests in TurkeyDecember: Corruption scandal rocks the AKP, crackdown on Fethullah Gülen begins
2014 August: Erdoğan steps down as prime minister and becomes Turkey’s first directly elected president
2015 Refugee crisis brings more than a million people from Turkey to the European UnionJuly: Turkey–PKK ceasefire collapses
2016 March: Turkey and EU sign 6 billion euro refugee dealJuly: Rogue generals launch coup attempt against Erdoğan
2017 April: Erdoğan wins constitutional referendum to change Turkey from parliamentary to presidential system
2018 June: Erdoğan wins presidential elections, triggering constitutional reforms and installing him in the palace until 2023

INTRODUCTION

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