Joanne M. Flood - Wiley Practitioner's Guide to GAAS 2020

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A comprehensive guide to GAAS for 2020, covering critical auditing standards, practices, and procedures Over the last few years, the AICPA has clarified
its professional standards, raising challenges for the accounting professional to stay current and in compliance. This edition will give auditors and accountants the knowledge and understanding they will need to competently perform and successfully complete their engagements. With this valuable resource, readers will have a comprehensive guide to the latest professional standards, practices, and procedures. The
provides an analysis of all SASs, SSAEs, SSARSs, and Interpretations. This one book provides all the most recent revisions to the standards, explaining them in a clear way that’s designed for greater understanding.
Whenever standards are changed, professionals need guidance on conducting engagements efficiently and effectively. This guide to GAAS and other professional standards provides helpful, systematic direction that saves auditors and accountants time and supports them in their jobs. Readers will have a comprehensive view of moving through the process of auditing, reviewing, compiling, and preparing financial statements and performing attestation services. In addition to explanations, readers will get a detailed discussion of current issues and gain the benefits of practice notes, illustrations, checklists, and questionnaires to reference. Practitioners will find:
Organization based on the way auditors use the Statements on Auditing Standards, ensuring efficiency and ease of navigation Comprehensive guidance through the auditing process Explanations of all attestation standards Updates and interpretations of Statements on Standards for Accounting and Review Services The
is a fully updated resource for completing audit, attestation, review, compilation, and preparation engagements successfully.

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Scope SCOPE AU-C 200 describes the auditor’s overall responsibilities when conducting a GAAS audit, including the auditor’s overall objectives and the nature and scope of the audit. Also included in AU-C 200 are the scope, authority, and structure of GAAS. (AU-C 200.01) Definitions of Terms DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Source: AU-C 200.14. For definitions related to this standard, see Appendix A , “Definitions of Terms”: Applicable financial reporting framework, Audit evidence, Audit risk, Auditor, Detection risk, Financial reporting framework, Financial statements, Historical financial information, Interpretive publications, Management, Misstatement, Other auditing publications, Premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit is conducted (the premise), Professional judgment, Professional skepticism, Reasonable assurance, Risk of material misstatement, Those charged with governance. Objectives of AU-C Section 200 OBJECTIVES OF AU-C SECTION 200 The overall objectives of the auditor, in conducting an audit of financial statements, are to 1 obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, thereby enabling the auditor to express an opinion on whether the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework; and 2 report on the financial statements, and communicate as required by GAAS, in accordance with the auditor’s findings. (AU-C 200.12) If reasonable assurance cannot be obtained and a qualified opinion is insufficient, the auditor must either disclaim an opinion or withdraw from the engagement when possible under applicable law or regulation. (AU-C 200.13) Requirements REQUIREMENTS Management’s Responsibilities Financial statements are prepared by management with oversight from those charged with governance. GAAS do not impose requirements on management or those charged with governance, but rather an audit is conducted on the premise that management and those charged with governance understand their responsibilities. (AU-C 200.05) Many times clients do not understand their responsibilities for audited financial statements. The financial statements are management’s . They contain management’s representations. The form and content of the financial statements are management’s responsibility, even if the auditor prepared them or participated in their preparation. Management also is responsible for implementing and maintaining an effective system of internal control. Complying with GAAS COMPLYING WITH GAAS Auditors must comply with and understand relevant AU-C sections, that is, those that are in effect and address the circumstances of the audit. (AU-C 200.20 and .21) GAAS uses two categories of professional requirements to describe the degree of responsibility the standards impose on auditors. 1 Unconditional requirements. The auditor is required to comply with an unconditional requirement in all cases in which the circumstances exist to which the unconditional requirement applies. SASs use the word must to indicate an unconditional requirement. 2 Presumptively mandatory requirements. The auditor is also required to comply with a presumptively mandatory requirement in all circumstances where the presumptively mandatory requirement exists and applies. However, in rare circumstances, the auditor may depart from a presumptively mandatory requirement. The departure should only relate to a specific procedure when the auditors determine that the procedure would be ineffective in the specific circumstances. The auditors must document their justification for the departure and how the alternative procedures performed in the circumstances were sufficient to achieve the objectives of the presumptively mandatory requirement. GAAS use the word should to indicate a presumptively mandatory requirement. (AU-C 200.25–.26) The term should consider means that the consideration of the procedure or action is presumptively required, whereas carrying out the procedure or action is not. AU-C Section 200 also clarifies that explanatory material is intended to explain the objective of the professional requirements, rather than imposing a professional requirement for the auditor to perform.

5 2AU-C 210 Terms of Engagement 2 AU-C 210 Terms of Engagement Scope Definitions of Terms Objectives of AU-C Section 210 Fundamental Requirements Engagement Acceptance AU-C 210 Illustration Scope SCOPE This section states the requirements and provides application guidance on the auditor’s responsibilities when agreeing upon terms of engagement with management and those charged with governance. It also establishes the important preconditions for an audit, for which management is responsible. AU-C 220, Quality Control for an Engagement Conducted in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards , addresses those aspects of engagement acceptance that the auditor can control and the auditor’s responsibilities regarding ethical requirements concerning acceptance of an engagement. (AU-C 210.01 and .A1) Definitions of Terms DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Source: AU-C 210.04. For definitions related to this standard, see Appendix A , “Definitions of Terms”: Preconditions for an audit, Recurring Audit. Objectives of AU-C Section 210 OBJECTIVES OF AU-C SECTION 210 AU-C Section 210.03 states that: … the objective of the auditor is to accept an audit engagement for a new or existing audit client only when the basis upon which it is to be performed has been agreed upon through 1 establishing whether the preconditions for an audit are present and 2 confirming that a common understanding of the terms of the audit engagement exists between the auditor and management and, when appropriate, those charged with governance. Fundamental Requirements FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Engagement Acceptance Preconditions Unless required to do so by law or regulation, an auditor should discuss the situation with management and not accept an engagement when the preconditions (see Appendix A , “Definitions of Terms”) are not met. (AU-C 210.08) To assess whether those preconditions are met, the auditor should: 1 determine whether the financial reporting framework 1 to be applied in the preparation of the financial statements is acceptable and 2 obtain the agreement of management that it acknowledges and understands its responsibilityfor the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework;for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; andto provide the auditor withaccess to all information of which management is aware that is relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements, such as records, documentation, and other matters;additional information that the auditor may request from management for the purpose of the audit; andunrestricted access to persons within the entity from whom the auditor determines it necessary to obtain audit evidence.(AU-C 210.06) In evaluating whether the financial reporting framework is acceptable, the auditor may want to consider: The nature of the entity The purpose and nature of the financial statements Whether the framework is determined by law or regulator (AU-C 210.A5) AU-C 210 Illustration

6 3 AU-C 220 Quality Control for an Engagement Conducted in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards Scope Definitions of Terms Objective of AU-C Section 220 Requirements

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