C. Philip Wheater - Practical Field Ecology

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Practical Field Ecology: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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Offers a comprehensive, accessible introduction to experimental design, field monitoring skills for plants and animals, data analysis, interpretation and reporting This user-friendly book presents field monitoring skills for both plants and animals, within the context of a research project. This text provides a single resource to take the reader all the way through from the planning stage, into the field, guiding through sampling, organism identification, computer-based data analysis and interpretation, and finally how to present the results to maximise the impact of the work. Logically structured throughout, and revised extensively in the second edition, the book concentrates on the techniques required to design a field-based ecological survey and shows how to execute an appropriate sampling regime. It evaluates appropriate sampling and analytical methods, identifying potential problems associated with various techniques and how to mitigate these.
The second edition of this popular text has updated reference material and weblinks, increased the number of case studies by 50% to illustrate the use of specific techniques in the field, added over 20% more figures (including 8 colour plates), and made more extensive use of footnotes to provide extra details. Extensions to topics covered in the first edition include additional discussion of: ethical issues; statistical methods (sample size estimation, use of the statistical package R, mixed models); bioindicators, especially for freshwater pollution; seeds, fecundity and population dynamics including static and dynamic life tables; forestry techniques including tree coring and tree mortality calculations; the use of data repositories; writing for a journal and producing poster and oral presentations. In addition, the use of new and emerging technologies has been a particular focus, including mobile apps for environmental monitoring and identification; land cover and GIS; the use of drones including legal frameworks and codes of practice; molecular field techniques including DNA analysis in the field (including eDNA); photo-matching for identifying individuals; camera trapping; modern techniques for detecting and analysing bat echolocation calls; and data storage using the cloud. 
Divided into six distinct chapters,
begins at project inception with a chapter on planning—covering health and safety, along with guidance on how to ensure that the sampling and experimental design is suitable for subsequent statistical analysis. Following a chapter dealing with site characterisation and general aspects of species identification, subsequent chapters describe the techniques used to survey and census particular groups of organisms. The final chapters cover analysing, interpreting and presenting data, and writing up the research.
Offers a readable and approachable integrated guide devoted to field-based research projects Takes students from the planning stage, into the field, and clearly guides them through organism identification in the laboratory and computer-based data analysis, interpretation and data presentation Includes a chapter on how to write project reports and present findings in a variety of formats to differing audiences Aimed at undergraduates taking courses in Ecology, Biology, Geography, and Environmental Science,
will also benefit postgraduates seeking to support their projects.

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5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Transformations for skewed distributions. The block arrows indica...Figure 5.2 Truncation of percentage data.Figure 5.3 Bimodal distribution.Figure 5.4 Scatterplot of number of bird species found in urban parks with d...Figure 5.5 Pie diagram of the numbers of invertebrates of common orders foun...Figure 5.6 Stacked bar graph of the percentage composition of invertebrates...Figure 5.7 Clustered bar graph of the number of invertebrates of common orde...Figure 5.8 The mean and standard deviation plotted on a data set that approx...Figure 5.9 Comparison of different ways of displaying the variation around t...Figure 5.10 Box and whisker plots indicating different ways of displaying me...Figure 5.11 Du Feu estimates plotted against number of animals caught. Popul...Figure 5.12 Using capture removal to estimate population sizes. The calculat...Figure 5.13 Comparison of the central tendency of two samples. (a) non‐overl...Figure 5.14 Summary of stages in using inferential statistics.Figure 5.15 Example of a scatterplot. Showing the hypothetical relationship ...Figure 5.16 Trends of invertebrate numbers with organic pollution.Figure 5.17 Regression line between the number of aphids found at different...Figure 5.18 Examples of common non‐linear graph types in ecology. (a) ...Figure 5.19 A canonical variates analysis (CVA) of spiders across three mana...Figure 5.20 Types of cluster analysis.Figure 5.21 Dendrogram following cluster analysis of different habitat typesFigure 5.22 TWINSPAN of quarry sites on the basis of their component plant s...Figure 5.23 Ordination of a number of quarry sites on the basis of their com...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Two formats for research report presentation. Use informative hea...Figure 6.2 Study site in the Nordkette mountains, Austria, showing the steep...Figure 6.3 Presenting graphs. (a) Scatterplot; (b) bar chart. Note that in b...Figure 6.4 Examples of poster layouts. (a) Is a very uninspiring design for ...

Guide

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Begin Reading

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