Nanopharmaceutical Advanced Delivery Systems

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Types of liposomes. (a) Unilamellar vesicle, (b) multilamellar vesicl... Figure 1.2 A graphical representation of solid lipid nanoparticle. Figure 1.3 Type of the nanostructured lipid carrier.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Diagrammatic representation of various nanoparticulate carriers: (a) ... Figure 2.2a Mechanism of transport of nanocarriers across various biological bar... Figure 2.2b Mechanism of drug delivery in tuberculosis. (i) Delivery of nanopart...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Basic personalized drug delivery approach. Figure 3.2 Response rates of patients to a major drug for a selected group of th... Figure 3.3 Basic structure of liposomes. Figure 3.4 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Figure 3.5 Carbon nanotubes. Figure 3.6 Polymer-based nanoparticles. Figure 3.7 Polymer-based micelle formation. Figure 3.8 Dendrimers. Figure 3.9 PEG coated gold nanospheres. Figure 3.10 Nanodiamond particles with surface functional groups.

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Structure of dendrimers.Figure 4.2 Mechanism of cancer targeting via dendrimers.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Advances in electrospinning process to accommodate industrial hurdles...Figure 5.2 Nanofiber successful applications for different modes of administrati...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 A. Floating tablet. B. Swelling dosages form. C. Sedimentation in the...Figure 6.2 Different coating materials for microbubble preparations. (a) Protein...Figure 6.3 Preparation of microbubble by sonication technique.Figure 6.4 Preparation of micro-bubbles by cross-linked polymer technique.Figure 6.5 Preparation of microbubbles by emulsion solvent evaporation technique...Figure 6.6 Preparation of microbubbles by atomization and reconstitution techniq...Figure 6.7 Shows behavior of polymer-coated microbubble under the influence of d...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Structure of virosome.Figure 7.2 Class I MHC and class II MHC virosomal antigen processing and present...Figure 7.3 Mechansim of action of virosomes as adjuvants and virosomes complexed...Figure 7.4 Virosomes for cancer immunotherapy.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Mechanism of targeted gene delivery by nanocarriers.Figure 8.2 Common diseases for which gene transfer trials are approved.

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Structural differences between Liposome and Phytosome.Figure 9.2 Chemical Structure of some polyphenols—(a) ECGC, (b) Hesperidin, (c) ...Figure 9.3 Schematic representation of synthesis of Phytomes.Figure 9.4 Mechanism of absorption of drug–phospholipid complex.

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 A representative oleanane saponin highlighting hydrophilic and lipop...Figure 10.2 A representative orientation of saponins in the form of a micelle in...Figure 10.3a Structure of selected saponins reported from Q. saponaria.Figure 10.3b Structure of a saponin reported from Q. saponaria displaying a fatt...Figure 10.4 Structure of selected saponins reported from S. mukorossi.Figure 10.5 Structure of glycyrrhizic acid.Figure 10.6 Structures of the aglycone present in different ginsenoside (R, R 1, ...Figure 10.7 Structures of the aglycone (R 1–R 6different sugar and other group at...Figure 10.8 Structure of selected saponins reported from A. hippocastanum.Figure 10.9 Structures of the aglycone spirostane and furostane (R 1–R 4different...Figure 10.10 Structure of selected saponins reported from V. nigrum.Figure 10.11 Structure of a saponin reported from S. officinalis.

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 The pH-responsive swelling behavior of anionic and cationic hydrogel...Figure 11.2 Representation of LCST and UCST concepts of temperature responsive p...Figure 11.3 Representation of role of dual and multi-responsive polymeric nanopa...Figure 11.4 An overview of site specific drug delivery from thermo and pH dual r...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Diagrammatic representation of nanosomes.Figure 12.2 Stages of delivery of nanosomes at various levels.

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Schematic representation of signal conduction through neuron. 1. Pre...Figure 13.2 Schematic representation of band gap or energy gaps in insulator, se...Figure 13.3 Schematic representation of conjugated chain of an intrinsically con...Figure 13.4 Schematic representation of strategy for controlled release of macro...Figure 13.5 Electrically stimulated controlled delivery of ATP from Nano Storage...Figure 13.6 Schematic representation of electronically stimulated drug release f...Figure 13.7 Schematic representation of electrochemical desorption of self-assem...Figure 13.8 Schematic representation of a microchip.Figure 13.9 Schematic representation of a nanopump showing sandwich assembly and...Figure 13.10 Schematic representation of nanomotor.

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Representation of mechanism of mucoadhesion.Figure 14.2 Mucoadhesive behavior of colloidal particulate systems following ora...Figure 14.3 Nanoprecipitation method for nanoparticle preparation.Figure 14.4 Scheme of emulsion polymerization.Figure 14.5 Methods used for the evaluation of different properties of mucoadhes...Figure 14.6 Falling liquid film method to measure mucoadhesion.Figure 14.7 Atomic force microscopy force–distance curve.

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Multistep carcinogenesis [73].Figure 15.2 Different types of nanosystems with their benefits [71].Figure 15.3 Conventional chemotherapy versus targeted chemotherapy. Black color ...Figure 15.4 Various methods used for active and passive targeting brain metastas...Figure 15.5 Summary of various aptamer applications [75].Figure 15.6 Schematic diagram of aptamer conformational recognition of targets t...

16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Vaginal anatomy and physiology.Figure 16.2 Advantages of vaginal delivery.Figure 16.3 Comparison of convention vaginal formulation and nano-based vaginal ...Figure 16.4 Vaginal formulation consideration.Figure 16.5 Different types of nanoparticles for vaginal delivery.

17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Diagrammatic representation of liposome structure.Figure 17.2 Schematic representation of active loading of a drug into liposome.Figure 17.3 Diagrammatic representation of passive loading of a drug into liposo...Figure 17.4 Liposome mediated active targeting of cancer cells.Figure 17.5 Liposome mediated passive targeting of cancer cells.

18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Sub disciplines of nanomedicines. The red circles indicate five majo...Figure 19.2 Stake holders involved in the relocation of nanomedicines from lab t...

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Types of NLCs classified based on structure. Table 1.2 Differences between SMEDDS, SEDDS, and SNEDDS. Table 1.3 Different types of techniques used in the preparation of lipid nanocar... Table 1.4 List of the drug as lipid nanocarriers under clinical investigation. Table 1.5 Lipid carrier system used for the delivery of different peptides/prote...

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1a Classification of nanoparticulate carrier systems. Table 2.1b Targeted treatment of tuberculosis using various nano-carrier-based d... Table 2.2 Schematic representation of classification of polymer based on their o...

3 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 An overview of the nanotools.

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Properties of dendrimers.Table 4.2 Mechanism of bonding of various anticancer drugs with dendrimers.Table 4.3 Description of research on dendrimers.

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Composition, characterization, and application of recent nanofiber for...Table 5.2 Advantages of different biodegradable polymers used in the fabrication...

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Clinically approved microbubbles.Table 6.2 List of preclinical studies of brain tumor targeting by microbubbles.

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Various techniques used for characterisation of virosomes.

8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Properties of commonly used polymers as nanocarriers.Table 8.2 Approved gene therapy products [45, 46].

9 Chapter 9Table 9.1 List of Phyto-phospholipid complexes fabricated by employing various p...Table 9.2 Marketed Phytosomal Preparations along with their indications.