Invertebrate Histology

1 Cover

2 Title Page Invertebrate Histology Edited by Elise E.B. LaDouceur, DVM, DACVP Chief, Extramural Projects and Research Joint Pathology Center Silver Spring, MD, USA

3 Copyright Page

4 List of Contributors

5 Foreword

6 1 Echinodermata 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Gross Anatomy 1.3 Histology References

7 2 Porifera 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Gross Anatomy 2.3 Histology 2.4 Organ Systems Acknowledgments Abbreviations for Figures References

8 3 Cnidaria 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Gross Anatomy 3.3 Histology 3.4 Conclusion Acknowledgments Disclaimer Appendix 3.1 Specimen Relaxation and Common Fixative Formulations Appendix 3.2 Basic Histology Protocol for Processing Scleractinian Corals (refer to Price and Peters (2018) for more detailed techniques) References

9 4 Mollusca 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Gross Anatomy 4.3 Histology 4.4 Histology Processing Techniques (Table 4.1) References

10 5 Mollusca 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Gross Anatomy 5.3 Histology (Table 5.1) Disclaimer References

11 6 Mollusca 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Gross Anatomy 6.3 Histology (Table 6.1) References

12 7 Annelida 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Gross Anatomy 7.3 Histology References

13 8 Arthropoda 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Gross Anatomy 8.3 Histology (Table 8.1) Acknowledgments Disclaimer References

14 9 Arthropoda 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Gross Anatomy 9.3 Histology Disclaimer References

15 10 Arthropoda 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Gross Anatomy 10.3 Histology Disclaimer References

16 11 Arthropoda 11.1 Overview 11.2 Gross Anatomy of Adults 11.3 Histology Acknowledgments References

17 12 Arthropoda 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Gross Anatomy 12.3 Histology Disclaimer References

18 Index

19 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Echinodermata. Table 1.2 Cuticular layers in echinoderms (Holland).

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Porifera.

3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Tissues, structures, and cells for histologic evaluation in cnidari...

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Gastropoda.

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Cephalopoda.

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Bivalvia.

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Annelida.

8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Arachnida.

9 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Merostomata.

10 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Merostomata.

11 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in decapods.

12 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Organs for histologic evaluation in Insecta.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Representative image of the aboral (a) and oral (b) surface of a ... Figure 1.2 Representative image of the aboral (a) and oral (b) surface of a ... Figure 1.3 Image of a white sea urchin ( Tripneustes ventricosus ) demonstrati... Figure 1.4 Representative image of the ventral (a) and lateral (b) aspects o... Figure 1.5 Gross necropsy image (a) of a bat star ( Patiria miniata ) open at ... Figure 1.6 Gross necropsy images of urchin open at necropsy. Images include ... Figure 1.7 Gross necropsy images of a California giant sea cucumber opened a... Figure 1.8 Low‐magnification image of the histology of the body wall of an (... Figure 1.9 Histology of the epidermis of a sunflower sea star ( Pycnopodia he ... Figure 1.10 Low‐magnification image of the histology of a sunflower sea star... Figure 1.11 Higher magnification image of the histology of an ochre sea star... Figure 1.12 Histology of the base of a white sea urchin spine at the ball an... Figure 1.13 Histology of white sea urchin appendages including pedicellaria ... Figure 1.14 Histology of the madreporite (a) and stone canal (b) in a mottle... Figure 1.15 Histology of the water vascular (radial) canal in a white urchin... Figure 1.16 Histology of a tube foot in a mottled star. 25×, HE. C, connecti... Figure 1.17 Histology of the cardiac (a) stomach in a mottled star (100×, HE... Figure 1.18 Histology of the pyloric cecae of a mottled star. 25×, HE. Figure 1.19 Histology of the large intestine of a white urchin. 200×, HE. Figure 1.20 Low‐magnification histology of anatomy of Aristotle's lantern in... Figure 1.21 Axial gland in a white urchin. 400×, HE. Figure 1.22 Tiedmann's body in a mottled star. 100×, HE. Figure 1.23 Histology of gills (papulae) in a white urchin showing epidermal... Figure 1.24 Histology of the ventral nerve cord (N) in a mottled star. 100×,... Figure 1.25 Histology of the ovary (a) in a Caribbean thorny star, and testi... Figure 1.26 Nutritive support cells in the gonad of a sand dollar. 100×, HE....

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Gross anatomy. (a) Scheme of sponge organization; black arrows: w... Figure 2.2 The ectosome, dermal membrane, and cortex. (a) Semithin section o... Figure 2.3 Cuticle, exopinacoderm, and pores. (a) Histologic section of Aply ... Figure 2.4 Cells of the internal environment. (a) Lophocyte of Chondrilla sp... Figure 2.5 Mesohyl cellular strands of Aplysina cavernicola . (a) General vie... Figure 2.6 Types of aquiferous systems in sponges. (a) Asconoid aquiferous s... Figure 2.7 Inhalant aquiferous system. (a,b) Ostia and inhalant canals lined... Figure 2.8 Choanocyte chambers. (a) Syconoid choanocyte chambers in Sycettus ... Figure 2.9 Skeleton. (a) Inorganic skeleton (SiO 2) of Haliclona sp. with reg... Figure 2.10 Reproduction, female. (a) Oviparous gonochoric sponge Aplysina c ... Figure 2.11 Follicle. (a) Beginning of follicle development in Oscarella nic ... Figure 2.12 Tissue modification during sexual reproduction in Halisarca duja ...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Cnidarian body forms: polyp and medusa.Figure 3.2 Gross anatomy of a scleractinian polyp from an imperforate coral....Figure 3.3 Overview of key structures in a polyp from the scleractinian cora...Figure 3.4 Gross anatomy of an octocoral (gorgonian polyp).Figure 3.5 Subgross photomicrograph of a sea pen (order Pennatulacea). The e...Figure 3.6 Undecalcified Acropora cervicornis section prepared using resin e...Figure 3.7 Acropora cervicornis tissue section with aragonite skeleton disso...Figure 3.8 Diagram showing the surface body wall of a scleractinian polyp, s...Figure 3.9 Diagram of the key features of a scleractinian polyp mesentery. F...Figure 3.10 Body wall from a scleractinian coral, Orbicella annularis . The s...Figure 3.11 Body wall from a scleractinian coral, Orbicella cavernosa . The m...Figure 3.12 Body wall from a branching perforate scleractinian coral, Acropo ...Figure 3.13 Body wall from an aggregating anemone ( Anthopleura sp.) showing ...Figure 3.14 Cross‐section of a moon jelly ( Aurelia aurita ). The epithelial l...Figure 3.15 Body wall of the gorgonian, Antillogorgia americana , sectioned a...Figure 3.16 Body wall of a sea pen (order Pennatulacea). The epidermis (E) i...Figure 3.17 High magnification of the surface of a sea fan, Gorgonia ventali ...Figure 3.18 High magnification of the surface of another gorgonian, Plexaure ...Figure 3.19 Epidermal mucocytes secreting through apical pores ( arrows ) in O ...Figure 3.20 Diagram of a cnidocyte ( left ) ejecting venom from the tip of the...Figure 3.21 Exumbrella from a moon jelly ( Aurelia auria ). Embedded within th...Figure 3.22 Transmission electron microscopy of nematocysts from a spotted j...Figure 3.23 The tightly wound tropocollagen‐rich tubules of spirocysts are e...Figure 3.24 Ciliated surface body wall of the burrowing sea anemone,