Samuel Coleridge - The Complete Essays, Lectures & Letters of S. T. Coleridge (Illustrated)

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) was an English poet, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He wrote the poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as the major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. He coined many familiar words and phrases, including suspension of disbelief. He was a major influence on Emerson, and American transcendentalism. Coleridge is one of the most important figures in English poetry. His poems directly and deeply influenced all the major poets of the age. He was known by his contemporaries as a meticulous craftsman who was more rigorous in his careful reworking of his poems than any other poet, and Southey and Wordsworth were dependent on his professional advice.
Table of Contents: Introduction: The Spirit of the Age: Mr. Coleridge by William Hazlitt A Day With Samuel Taylor Coleridge by May Byron The Life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge by James Gillman Literary Essays, Lectures and Memoirs: BIOGRAPHIA LITERARIA ANIMA POETAE SHAKSPEARE, WITH INTRODUCTORY MATTER ON POETRY, THE DRAMA AND THE STAGE AIDS TO REFLECTION CONFESSIONS OF AN INQUIRING SPIRIT AND MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS FROM «THE FRIEND» HINTS TOWARDS THE FORMATION OF A MORE COMPREHENSIVE THEORY OF LIFE OMNIANA. 1812 A COURSE OF LECTURES LITERARY NOTES SPECIMENS OF THE TABLE TALK OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE LITERARY REMAINS OF S.T. COLERIDGE Complete Letters LETTERS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE BIBLIOGRAPHIA EPISTOLARIS

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The second part begins with a moral reflection, and introduces Sir Leoline, the father of Christabel, with the following observation, on his rising in the morning:

Each matin bell, the Baron saith!

Knells us back to a world of death.

These words Sir Leoline first said

When he rose and found his lady dead.

These words Sir Leoline will say

Many a morn to his dying day.

After a popular custom of the country, the old bard Bracy is introduced. Geraldine rises, puts on her silken vestments — tricks her hair, and not doubting her spell, she awakens Christabel,

”Sleep you, sweet lady Christabel?

I trust that you have rested well.”

And Christabel awoke and spied

The same who lay down by her side —

O rather say, the same whom she

Rais’d up beneath the old oak tree!

Nay fairer yet, and yet more fair!

For she belike hath drunken deep

Of all the blessedness of sleep!

And while she spake, her looks, her air

Such gentle thankfulness declare;

That (so it seem’d) her girded vests

Grew tight beneath her heaving breasts.

”Sure I have sinn’d!” said Christabel,

”Now heaven be prais’d if all be well!”

And in low faultering tones, yet sweet,

Did she the lofty lady greet;

With such perplexity of mind

As dreams too lively leave behind.

Christabel then leaves her couch, and having offered up her prayers, she leads fair Geraldine to meet the Baron. — They enter his presence room, when her father rises, and while pressing his daughter to his breast, he espies the lady Geraldine, to whom he gives such welcome as

“Might beseem so bright a dame!”

But when the Baron hears her tale, and her father’s name, the poet enquires feelingly:

Why wax’d Sir Leoline so pale,

Murmuring o’er the name again,

Lord Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine?

Alas! they had been friends in youth;

But whispering tongues can poison truth;

And constancy lives in realms above;

And life is thorny; and youth is vain;

And to be wroth with one we love,

Doth work like madness in the brain.

And thus it chanc’d, as I divine,

With Roland and Sir Leoline.

Each spake words of high disdain

And insult to his heart’s best brother:

They parted — never to meet again!

But never either found another

To free the hollow heart from paining —

They stood aloof, the scars remaining,

Like cliffs which had been rent asunder;

A dreary sea now flows between; —

But neither heat, nor frost, nor thunder,

Shall wholly do away, I ween,

The marks of that which once hath been.

Sir Leoline gazed for a moment on the face of Geraldine, and the youthful Lord of Tryermaine again came back upon his heart. He is then described as forgetting his age, and his noble heart swells with indignation.

He then affectionately takes Geraldine in his arms, who meets the embrace:

”Prolonging it with joyous look,

Which when she viewed, a vision fell

Upon the soul of Christabel,

The vision of fear, the touch and pain!

She shrunk and shudder’d and saw again

(Ah woe is me! Was it for thee,

Thou gentle maid! such sights to see?)

Geraldine then appears to her in her real character, (‘half’ human only,) the sight of which alarms Christabel. The Baron mistakes for jealousy this alarm in his daughter, which was induced by fear of Geraldine, and had been the sole cause of her unconsciously imitating the “hissing sound:”

Whereat the Knight turn’d wildly round,

And nothing saw, but his own sweet maid

With eyes uprais’d, as one that pray’d.

This touch, this sight passed away, and left in its stead the vision of her guardian angel (her mother) which had comforted her after rest, and having sought consolation in prayer, her countenance resumes its natural serenity and sweetness. The Baron surprised at these sudden transitions, exclaims,

“What ails then my beloved child?”

Christabel makes answer:

”All will yet be well!”

I ween, she had no power to tell

Aught else: so mighty was the spell.

Yet the Baron seemed so captivated by Geraldine, as to “deem her a thing divine.” She pretended much sorrow, and feared she might have offended Christabel, praying with humility to be sent home immediately.

”Nay!

Nay — by my soul!” said Leoline.

”Ho! — Bracy, the bard, the charge be thine!

Go thou with music sweet and loud

And take two steeds with trappings proud;

And take the youth whom thou lov’st best

To bear thy harp and learn thy song,

And clothe you both in solemn vest

And over the mountains haste along.

He is desired to continue his way to the castle of Tryermaine. Bracy is thus made to act in a double capacity, as bard and herald: in the first, he is to announce to Lord Roland the safety of his daughter in Langdale Hall; in the second as herald to the Baron, he is to convey an apology according to the custom of that day,

”He bids thee come without delay,

With all thy numerous array;

And take thy lovely daughter home,

And he will meet thee on the way,

With all his numerous array;

White with their panting palfrey’s foam,

And by mine honour! I will say,

That I repent me of the day;

When I spake words of fierce disdain,

To Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine! —

For since that evil hour hath flown,

Many a summer’s sun hath shone;

Yet ne’er found I a friend again

Like Roland de Vaux of Tryermaine.”

The lady fell, and clasped his knees,

Her face upraised, her eyes o’erflowing,

And Bracy replied, with faltering voice,

His gracious hail on all bestowing: —

Thy words, thou sire of Christabel,

Are sweeter than my harp can tell.

Yet might I gain a boon of thee,

This day my journey should not be,

So strange a dream hath come to me:

That I had vow’d with music loud

To clear yon wood from thing unblest,

Warn’d by a vision in my rest!

The dream is then related by Bracy; it is an outline of the past, and a prophecy of the future. — The Baron listens with a smile, turns round, and looks at Geraldine,

”His eyes made up of wonder and love;

And said in courtly accents fine,

Sweet maid, Lord Roland’s beauteous dove,

With arms more strong than harp or song,

Thy sire and I will crush the snake!”

He kissed her forehead as he spake,

And Geraldine in maiden wise,

Casting down her large bright eyes;

With blushing cheek and courtesy fine,

She turn’d her from Sir Leoline;

Softly gathering up her train,

That o’er her right arm fell again;

And folded her arms across her chest,

And couch’d her head upon her breast.

And look’d askance at Christabel —

Jesu, Maria, shield her well!

Then takes place that extraordinary change which, being read in a party at Lord Byron’s, is said to have caused Shelley to faint:

A snake’s small eye blinks dull and shy,

And the lady’s eyes, they shrunk in her head,

Each shrunk up to a serpent’s eye,

And with somewhat of malice, and more of dread

At Christabel she looked askance! —

One moment, — and the sight was fled!

But Christabel in dizzy trance,

Stumbling on the unsteady ground —

Shudder’d aloud, with a hissing sound;

And Geraldine again turn’d round,

And like a thing, that sought relief,

Full of wonder and full of grief;

She roll’d her large bright eyes divine,

Wildly on Sir Leoline.

The maid, alas! her thoughts are gone,

She nothing sees — no sight but one!

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