Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner

24 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 A dissected honey bee showing a blotchy, darkened discolouration...Figure 24.2 Tracheal mites can be visualized within the trachea of a honey b...Figure 24.3 Adult wax moth and cocoons on a frame.Figure 24.4 Wax moth larvae.Figure 24.5 Wax moth cocoons on the top frames of a hive. Note the gouges in...Figure 24.6 A heavy wax moth infestation leads to extensive damage to the fr...Figure 24.7 Small Hive Beetle larvae.Figure 24.8 Adult small hive beetle. Note the club shaped antennae and the s...Figure 24.9 Tropilaelaps mites on a developing bee.Figure 24.10 Vespa mandarinia .Figure 24.11 Ants feeding on a honey bee colony.Figure 24.12 Entrance reducers will decrease the area that the colony needs ...Figure 24.13 Note the increased activity around the hive entrance with bees ...Figure 24.14 A heavy rock is placed on top of the lid to prevent raccoons fr...Figure 24.15 Mice have chewed through the wax frames to make room for a nest...

25 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Mock pesticide label with bee guidance in the Environmental Haza...Figure 25.2 Topical application of pesticides to individual honey bees to de...Figure 25.3 Honey bee larvae reared in vitro for pesticide testing.Figure 25.4 Dead bees at the entrance of colonies following a moderate bee‐k...Figure 25.5 Dead bee traps used for quantifying dead bees resulting from a b...Figure 25.6 Dead and dying larvae observed in a colony fed the organophospha...

26 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 The contents of a cell roping out at least 2 cm indicates a posi...Figure 26.2 Holst Milk Test.Figure 26.3 Remove the contents of a suspect cell with the spatula provided ...Figure 26.4 Place the test material into the solution container from the kit...Figure 26.5 After shaking sample bottle for 20 seconds, use the provided pip...Figure 26.6 The appearance of only the control line (bottom) indicates the t...Figure 26.7 A simple kit for performing alcohol was to assess varroa mite in...Figure 26.8 Quart jar with isopropyl alcohol and approximately 300 bees read...Figure 26.9 After shaking for one minute, pour bees and alcohol through coar...Figure 26.10 Dislodged Varroa mites are visible against a light‐colored wash...Figure 26.11 After counting mites in the wash tub, the alcohol should be pou...Figure 26.12 The strained alcohol is poured over the previously washed bees ...Figure 26.13 After completing a field alcohol wash, bees can be collected in...Figure 26.14 Bees covered in powdered sugar in the sugar roll jar and the su...Figure 26.15 Bee bread samples should be collected from cells using a small ...Figure 26.16 When bees need to be collected kept alive in transit to the lab...Figure 26.17 A popsicle stick can be used to scrape wax from the foundation ...

27 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Loss of colonies.Figure 27.2 Four annual bee colony phases.Figure 27.3 Personal protective equipment – bee suit with veil and gloves....Figure 27.4 Dead colony (note remains of cluster top center‐right) showing f...Figure 27.5 An example of a spotty brood pattern.Figure 27.6 Photo of drone cells occupying worker cells.Figure 27.7 Photo of tiny dead spring cluster (smaller than softball in size...Figure 27.8 Bee nest organization in Fall; capped brood central, bee bread s...Figure 27.9 An example of starvation. Dead bees in a tightly packed cluster ...Figure 27.10 American foul brood.Figure 27.11 European foul brood.Figure 27.12 American Foulbrood “ropiness test.”Figure 27.13 Emergency queen cell.Figure 27.14 Large capped supersedure queen cell.Figure 27.15 (a) Bees are robbing the hive on the left. (b) Close‐up of Figu...Figure 27.16 Advanced case of PMBS – spotty capped brood, disorganized brood...

28 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Curious cows.Figure 28.2 This colony was particularly defensive, perhaps because of racco...Figure 28.3 Some beekeepers, upon spotting the queen, carefully contain her ...Figure 28.4 This single deep frame will yield about as many bees as arrived ...Figure 28.5 Two beekeepers worked two days relocating this colony, construct...Figure 28.6 Bearding in the late afternoon of a very steamy summer day.Figure 28.7 Bees working sugar blocks on an unusually warm Michigan day. The...Figure 28.8 Various wraps and windbreaks for a midwest winter.Figure 28.9 This infrared camera photo reveals differences in cluster size a...

29 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 A variety of grafting tools.Figure 29.2 Grafting larvae into queen cups.Figure 29.3 Queen cells on the frame.Figure 29.4 Queens emerge from the end of the cell. Queen cells with a hole ...Figure 29.5 Photograph of an artificially inseminated queen laying an egg su...

1 Cover Page

2 Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practitioner

3 Copyright

4 Dedication

5 List of Contributors

6 Acknowledgments

7 Honey Bee Medicine: A One Health Challenge

8 Table of Contents

9 Begin Reading

10 Honey Bee Medicine

11 Notes on Editors and Contributors

12 Index

13 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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