Douglas Jacobsen - The World's Christians

1 Cover

2 Title Page The World’s Christians SECOND EDITION

3 Copyright Page

4 List of Illustrations

5 Voices of World Christianity

6 Introduction to World Christianity

7 PART I: Who They Are 1 The Orthodox Tradition Spirituality Salvation Structure Story SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 2 The Catholic Tradition Spirituality Salvation Structure Story SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 3 The Protestant Tradition Spirituality Salvation Structure Story SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 4 The Pentecostal Tradition Spirituality Salvation Structure Story SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

8 PART II: How They Got There 5 The Ancient Tradition Convictions Encounters SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 6 The Great Division and the Age of the East Convictions Encounters SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 7 The Rise of the West and Decline of the East Convictions Encounters SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 8 Christianity in a Global Era Convictions Encounters SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

9 PART III: Where They Are 9 The Middle East and North Africa Description of the Region Christian Profile Faith and Ethnicity Weariness and Decline Spirituality and Survival in Egypt Turkey and Armenia Israel and the Palestinian Territories Hope? SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 10 Eastern Europe Description of the Region Current Christian Profile The Crucible of Communism The Balkans: Blending Ethnicity and Faith Catholic Central Europe Orthodoxy in the Russian Sphere of Influence SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 11 Central and South Asia Description of the Region Christian Profile Overview of Christianity in South Asia Religion and Nation‐Building in India The Varieties of Indian Christianity Christianity and Dalits Jesus, Christianity, and Indian Culture SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 12 Western Europe Description of the Region Christian Profile Catholic Western Europe Scandinavia’s Protestant Turf Religiously Mixed Western Europe SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 13 Sub‐Saharan Africa Description of the Region Christian Profile The Crucible of Colonization The Postcolonial Era Challenges Nigeria: Christianity, Islam, and the Evangelization of the World Church and Politics in South Africa Ethiopia: The Last Christian Empire SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 14 East Asia Description of the Region Christian Profile Asian Spirituality and Christian Faith Faith and Politics in the Philippines Christianity’s Changing Public Image in South Korea Indonesia: Politics and Religion in Changing Times The Complexities of Christianity in China SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 15 Latin America Description of Region Christian Profile A Complex History of Church, State, and Economy Popular Catholicism: The Importance of Mary Non‐Catholic ( Evangélico ) Christianity Pentecostalism and Catholic Renewal The New Religious Economy in Brazil Holding the Line in Mexico The Caribbean Difference SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 16 North America Description of the Region Christian Profile Denominationalism: The Protestant Diversity that Freedom Produced Simplifying Protestant Diversity: Mainline and Evangelical Historically Black Churches The Fuzzy Boundaries of Pentecostalism Catholicism in Transition Orthodoxy in the United States The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 17 Oceania Description of the Region Christian Profile A Complex Conversion History Mapping the Pacific: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia Religion, Ethnicity, and Politics in Fiji Christianity and the Relaxed Spirituality of Australia SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

10 Appendix: Counting Christians

11 Index

12 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 Five main “families” of Protestantism, representing two thirds of all P...

2 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Major Muslim empires, indicating general attitude toward Christianity...

3 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Orthodox Christians in Eastern Europe. List of Orthodox churches in th...Table 10.2 Christianity in the Balkans. Comparison of the four Christian mega‐tra...Table 10.3 Catholic Central Europe. Comparison of the four Christian mega‐traditi...Table 10.4 Christianity in the Russian sphere of influence. Comparison of the fou...

4 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Levels of religiosity in Catholic Europe by country *Table 12.2 Population size of Christian traditions in religiously mixed Europ...

5 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Social and economic data for ten largest Sub‐Saharan African nations...Table 13.2 Changing size of four Christian traditions in Sub‐Saharan Africa, 1900...

6 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Distribution of three major world religions in East Asia (as approxima...

7 Chapter 16Table 16.1 The mainline Protestant denominations in the USA with membership data ...

8 Part 3Table III.1 Estimated number of individuals associated with the four Christia...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Number of Orthodox Christians living in each region of the world ... Figure 1.2 Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral (Sibiu, Romania), interior of mai... Figure 1.3 Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral (Sibiu, Romania), nave and iconos... Figure 1.4 Interior of small Orthodox church (Paphos, Cyprus). Figure 1.5 Key events in Orthodox history.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Number of Catholic Christians living in each region of the world ... Figure 2.2 Statues of the Infant of Prague (the baby Jesus) for sale at a sh... Figure 2.3 Interior of the Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los... Figure 2.4 St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. Figure 2.5 The Gero Cross (pictured here) is the oldest known crucifix made ... Figure 2.6 Timeline showing key events in Catholic history.

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Number of Protestant Christians living in each region of the worl... Figure 3.2 Interior of Reformed Church (Sibiu, Romania) illustrating the arc... Figure 3.3 The Evangelical Lutheran Cathedral, located on the Senate Square ... Figure 3.4 God’s Missionary Church (Camp Hill, Pennsylvania). About a third ... Figure 3.5 Key events in Protestant history.

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Number of Pentecostal Christians living in each region of the wor... Figure 4.2 Aimee Semple McPherson (second from left) in a performance at her... Figure 4.3 Diagram illustrating sociological structure of the Pentecostal mo... Figure 4.4 The Holy Spirit Church of East Africa (Bukoyani, Kenya) is one of... Figure 4.5 International Church of the Grace of God, located on a pedestrian...

5 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Timeline for ancient Christianity, beginnings to 500.Figure 5.2 Sketch of structure of a Roman basilica (left) and interior of Sa...Figure 5.3 Two portrayals of Jesus in early Christian art: Jesus as “good sh...Figure 5.4 Roman Empire at peak size (showing ancient major cities and moder...Figure 5.5 Timeline of major events for Christianity in the Roman Empire....Figure 5.6 Icon of the martyrdom of Perpetua, Felicitas, and others.Figure 5.7 Church built around Symeon’s pillar with remains of the pillar in...Figure 5.8 Map of Sasanian Empire, c. 250 (showing ancient major cities and ...Figure 5.9 Church of the Holy Mother of God, a seventh‐century building loca...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The Great Division.Figure 6.2 Map showing the primary geographic locations of the four Christia...Figure 6.3 Chapel of São Frutuoso (Braga, Portugal), a Visigoth church built...Figure 6.4 Byzantine and Arab Empires, c. 800.Figure 6.5 Timeline of the Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, c. 500–1...Figure 6.6 Timeline for the Church of the East, c. 500–1000.Figure 6.7 Da Qin Pagoda (Pagoda of the West), an eighth‐century Christian m...Figure 6.8 Mugao Caves Monastery (Dunhuang, China) where ancient Chinese Chr...Figure 6.9 Charlemagne’s domain.Figure 6.10 Baptism of Boris I, portrayed on a Bulgarian stamp, issued in 19...