Jeffrey Dvorkin - Trusting the News in a Digital Age

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 1 Introduction to News Literacy Definitions Digital Economics Why Some News is Suspect “Surprise” and “Delight” Why the News Has Appeal The Appeal of News Literacy “How Do We Know?” The Promises and Dangers of the Internet Why News Literacy Now? What Is “Reliable” Information? How the News Happens Now What's at Stake? Reference Additional Resources

5 2 Changing Definitions of News Watergate and the Role of the News News and Digital Culture The Rise of Digital Technology and Bias We MUST Share and Receive Information The Dominance of Images New Ways of Doing the News The “Uberization” of News The Dangers of “Clickbait” From Media Trust to Media Mistrust References Additional Resources

6 3 Why Should We Trust the News? Why Now? News Transparency and the Question of Trust The Value of Educated Guessing in Journalism Evidence Versus Assertion in News A Journalistic Checklist Getting to Trust What You Read, Hear, and Watch What Is Context and Why Do We Need It? The Rise of “Clickbait” References Additional Resources

7 4 Verification = Trust “Verify, Then Trust” Verification in an Era of News Abundance Journalistic Information How to Choose and What to Choose? How Has Verification Been Affected by This? Increased Democratization in News The Rise (and Fading) of the News Ombuds/Public Editor News Verification in the Digital Age Picking the Right Sources Credibility of Sources Remember: Not all Evidence Is Equal Service Journalism for News Literacy References Additional Resources

8 5 The Effect of Digital on Media Forms Better Technology = Better News? Better News = Larger Audiences? How Do We Know (It’s True?) Verification + Truth = Reliable News What About Polling? Media Accountability on Different Platforms References Additional Resources

9 6 When the Audience is Biased The News Organizations and Reputation The Need for News Scrutiny Why We Need a Free Media What is Fair? What is Balance? What is Opinion Journalism? Opinion Journalism is About Persuasion Does Advertising Tell the Truth? References Additional Resources

10 7 When the News is Biased The Value of Bias Can There Be Unbiased News? Should the News Lead or Follow? Why Should We Care About Bias? Is Bias Always Unfair? Cognitive Bias Among News Audiences TMI! Reference Additional Resources

11 8 The Economics of Journalism in a Digital Age The Business Case for Digital News The Economics of the News Business Making Digital Media Work for Citizens The Arrival of the Big Five Will Digital Journalism Survive? What's Next for Journalism in the Digital Era? References Additional Resources

12 9 Framing and Deconstructing the News Framing the News The Story of Political Change in the Middle East Erving Goffman and News Literacy Framing Techniques When Framing Fails Framing in Mainstream Media (MSM) and Digital Media The Rise of the “Prosumer” Framing Determines Presentation The Rise of the Algorithm in Journalism References Additional Resources

13 10 News Sources How Do We Know? What is a Source and Why Do We Need One? Who is Telling You the Truth? Protecting the Source Having a Personal Relationship With a Source Beware the “Double Hook” Attribution Who is Telling Us This? And Why Are They Doing So? Sources as Whistleblowers SLAPP Litigation Next Steps References Additional Resources

14 11 Trusting Journalism in a Time of “Fake News” An Age of Rising Mistrust of Absolutely Everything (and Everyone) The Rise of Digital (and Media) Skepticism News Doubled Down on Digital Can a Lack of Professionalism Save Journalism? What is “Fake News” Exactly? Who is behind “Fake News?” What Are Dissemination Mechanisms? Repetition of Internet Themes The Four Es Gresham's Law in Journalism References Additional Resources

15 Index

16 End User License Agreement

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2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 Table of Contents

5 Begin Reading

6 Index

7 Wiley End User License Agreement

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Jeffrey Dvorkin

University of TorontoToronto, Canada

This edition first published 2021

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