Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Prasad, M. N. V. (Majeti Narasimha Vara), 1953– editor.

Title: Handbook of ecological and ecosystem engineering / M.N.V. Prasad, University of Hyderabad, School of Life Sciences

Description: First edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020051312 (print) | LCCN 2020051313 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119678533 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119678502 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119678601 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Ecological engineering. | Sustainable engineering.

Classification: LCC GE350 .P73 2021 (print) | LCC GE350 (ebook) | DDC 628–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020051312LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020051313

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: Courtesy of Maibam Meiti Dhanaraj

Nadeesh M. AdassooriyaDepartment of Food Science & Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Sri Lanka

Madhoolika AgrawalDepartment of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

S.B. AgrawalDepartment of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Jitendra AhirwalRestoration Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

J.R.B. AlfredNature Environment & Wildlife Society (NEWS), Kolkata, West Bengal, India

H.A.D.B. AmarasiriDepartment of Pharmacy, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Luís P. AzevedoMaterials Engineering Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Bruno BarbosaMEtRICS, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo – RS, Brazil

S.P. BiswasDepartment of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

E. BocharnikovaDepartment of Functional Ecology, Institute Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino, Russia

Cláudia Cseko Nolasco de CarvalhoDepartment of Biology, State University of Alagoas, Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas, Brazil

Udo CenskowskyBluesensus – Sustainability & Seafood Consulting, Weilheim, Germany

S.B. ChaphekarHomi Bhabha State University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Smita ChaudhryInstitute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Biswajit Roy ChowdhuryNature Environment & Wildlife Society (NEWS), Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Ronan CourtneyDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Sijagurumayum Geetanjali DeviDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India

Ajanta DeyNature Environment & Wildlife Society (NEWS), Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Bhupinder DhirSchool of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India

Denise C.R. EspinosaPolytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Chemical Engineering Department, São Paulo, Brazil

Mihail EvaDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iasi, Romania

Ana Luísa FernandoMEtRICS, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal

Seemaa S. GhateWomen Scientist ‘B’, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Knowhow Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Anu GopinathDepartment of Aquatic Environment Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India

Anna GrobelakFaculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland

Marta JaskulakFaculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo‐Environnement University of Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncrea Hauts‐de‐France, Lille, France

Lander de Jesus AlvesPostgraduate Program in Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

Anu JoyDepartment of Chemistry and Research Centre, St Albert's College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India

Atya KapleyDirector's Research Cell, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, (CSIR: NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Rupinder KaurSoil Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

M.L. KhanDepartment of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Nazmun Ara KhanomDepartment of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science & Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam, India

Amit KumarDepartment of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

Rima KumariDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Carlos A.F. LagarinhosPolytechnic School of University of São Paulo, Metallurgical and Materials Department, São Paulo, Brazil

Suvha LamaDirector's Research Cell, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR: NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

R.P. MadavTerracon Ecotech Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

D.N. Magana‐ArachchiNational Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka

Subodh Kumar MaitiRestoration Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

Thaís de Marchi SoaresDepartment of Soil Science, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

V. MatichenkovDepartment of Ecology and Physiology of Autotrophic Organisms, Institute Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino, Russia

Maibam Dhanaraj MeiteiDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Science, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India

Florin‐Constantin MihaiCERNESIM Center, Department of Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Institute, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iasi, Romania

Chanchal Kumar MitraDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Akash NagDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India