Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering

28 23 Green Belts for Sustainable Improvement of Air Quality 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Tolerance of Plants to Air Pollutants 23.3 Conclusion References

29 24 Air Quality Improvement Using Phytodiversity and Plant Architecture 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Phytodiversity 24.3 Plant Architecture 24.4 Phytoremediation 24.5 Conclusion Acknowledgment

30 25 Information Explosion in Digital Ecosystems and Their Management 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Growth 25.3 Sustainability 25.4 Knowledge vs. Information 25.5 Circulation of Information 25.6 Quality vs. Quantity 25.7 How Does the Digital Ecosystem Work? 25.8 Conclusions References

31 26 Nanotechnology in Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering 26.1 Ecology, Ecosystem, and Ecosystem Engineering 26.2 Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Nanoscience 26.3 Nanotechnology in Ecological and Ecosystem‐Engineering 26.4 Nanotechnology to Remediate Environmental Pollution 26.5 Environmental Remediation 26.6 Surface Water Remediation 26.7 Groundwater Remediation and Soil Remediation 26.8 Air Remediation 26.9 Future Scope of Nanotechnology and Nanoscience in Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering References

32 Index

33 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Basic ecological principles of ecological engineering. Table 1.2 Indicators for the valuation of regulating and supporting ecosystem... Table 1.3 Indicators for the valuation of provisioning ecosystem services. Table 1.4 Indicators for the valuation of information and cultural ecosystem ... Table 1.5 Articles on agroecology and ecosystem services.

2 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 Rules of ecotechnology.

3 Chapter 4 Table 4.1 Target invertebrate taxa studied as indicators (biological soil qua...

4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Landfill restoration process in Hong Kong. Source: Environment Prot...Table 5.2 Overview of industry‐typical pollutants (extract).Table 5.3 Main characteristics of the pollutants.

5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 UHI intensity of the 10 cities with the greatest UHI effect worldwi...

6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Cost of vegetable production, rub/m 2.

7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Comparison of MSW in South Asia and OECD nations.Table 9.2 Recent literature search results for approaches for ecological engi...Table 9.3 Parameters used for electrical generation capacity and value.Table 9.4 Electric energy produced from MSW in 15 cities/towns in Brazil.

8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Elements of all‐inclusive urban flood management.

9 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Plant species growing at the afforested mine land and natural fore...Table 12.2 Changes in selected soil properties in chronosequence afforested s...

10 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Water characteristics of the Nambul River, a main tributary of Lok...Table 15.2 Provisioning services of phoomdi from Loktak. Source: Meitei and Pr...Table 15.3 Regulating services of macrophytes as biological sinks for nutrien...

11 Chapter 16Table 16.1 The world's most popular coral reefs.

12 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Water and soil parameters, Madhusudanpur chor.Table 17.2 Water and soil parameters, Gopalganj.

13 Chapter 19Table 19.1 Different forest types in India.Table 19.2 Strategies of forest restoration.

14 Chapter 20Table 20.1 Main advantages and disadvantages of ex‐ante strategies in fo...Table 20.2 Benefits of sustainable forest management on the community, enviro...Table 20.3 Example of strategies and actions to prevent and halt forest degra...

15 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Air pollutants removed by green roofs and urban forests.

16 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Remediation techniques for air pollution.Table 22.2 Bibliographic resume of air quality improvement by plant leaves.

17 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Symptoms of pollution‐induced foliar injury in plants.Table 23.2 Some plant species identified as sensitive/tolerant to air polluti...Table 23.3 Morphological properties of leaves of plants showing high efficien...Table 23.4 Morphological properties of plants showing high efficiency for rem...Table 23.5 A partial list of plant species recommended for planting in green ...Table 23.6 A partial list of shrub species recommended for planting on median...

18 Chapter 24Table 24.1 Major air pollutants and viable plant species for their removal.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Global systems and their interactions. Figure 1.2 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee ... Figure 1.3 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee ... Figure 1.4 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee ... Figure 1.5 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services. Figure 1.6 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services by c... Figure 1.7 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services by a... Figure 1.8 Ecosystem service index obtained for the northern shoreline of th... Figure 1.9 Qualitative assessment of ecosystem services by beaches in the mu...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Examples of processing options and multiple bio‐based products de...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Sketches of the exchange of materials and services in the ecologi... Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of the geographical distribution of mang... Figure 3.3 A 2.6 km section of Nippersink Creek (Illinois, US) is filled in ... Figure 3.4 Conceptual model showing the contribution of external resource in...

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Primary soil ecosystem engineers used as bioindicators in differe... Figure 4.2 Primary ecosystem engineers used as indicators or drivers of rest...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Closed Campulung landfill, Arges county, Romania. (a) Cows and ho...Figure 5.2 (a) Closed Am Cracauer Anger landfill in Magdeburg, Germany, with...Figure 5.3 Korean world cup park view.Figure 5.4 Fudekeng Restoration Park (Taiwan).Figure 5.5 Jordan Valley Park restoration in (a) 2008; (b) 2013.Figure 5.6 Freshkills landfill flyover, Staten Island, New York.Figure 5.7 (a) Excerpt from a Dresden city map from 1856 showing the locatio...Figure 5.8 (a) View of the former coal station; (b) workers breaking frozen ...Figure 5.9 Overview of the Weißeritz Greenbelt in Dresden.Figure 5.10 Information boards were set up to explain the visible historical...Figure 5.11 (a) Art installations with an industrial touch were set up to co...Figure 5.12 In addition to nature conservation elements (gabions, left), ins...Figure 5.13 (a) Piles of stones offer a retreat for insects and small reptil...Figure 5.14 Rose Kennedy Greenway in Boston after the Big Dig.Figure 5.15 Cheonggyecheon after restoration.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Urbanization and overexploitation, leading to biodiversity loss, ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Yield of tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers in the greenhouse test,...Figure 7.2 Nitrates in tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers, NO −3mg/kg.Figure 7.3 Brix in tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers, %.Figure 7.4 Effect of applied materials on soil pH.Figure 7.5 Effect of applied materials on C orgin soil, %.Figure 7.6 Effect of applied materials on soil CEC, mg eq/100 g.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 A generalized outline of the carbon sequestration mechanism from ...Figure 8.2 A generalized diagram showing carbon dynamics in a typical terres...Figure 8.3 Origin and involvement of extracellular enzymes in soil.Figure 8.4 Origin of enzymatic activities in soil.Figure 8.5 Mediated reactions by the cellulase enzyme complex in the breakdo...Figure 8.6 Mediated reaction by the β‐glucosidase enzyme in the breakdown of...Figure 8.7 Mediated reaction by the invertase enzyme in the breakdown of suc...Figure 8.8 Mediated reaction by amylase enzyme in the breakdown of starch.Figure 8.9 Mediated reaction by the xylanase enzyme in the breakdown of xyla...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Theoretical and applied aspects of ecological and ecosystem engin...Figure 9.2 Composition of MSW from different countries: (a) Denmark; (b) Var...Figure 9.3 Segregation of MSW and transport to a resource recovery site. See ...Figure 9.4 Role of ecological and ecosystem engineering in solid waste reduc...Figure 9.5 Simple model of MSW recycling.Figure 9.6 Model for reverse logistics proposed in São Paulo.