Innovations in Preventive Dentistry

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58.Schaefer AS, Richter GM, Groessner-Schreiber B, et al. Identification of a shared genetic susceptibility locus for coronary heart disease and periodontitis. PLoS Genet 2009;5:e1000378.

59.Schaefer AS, Bochenek G, Jochens A, et al. Genetic evidence for PLASMINOGEN as a shared genetic risk factor of coronary artery disease and periodontitis. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2015;8:159–167.

60.Munz M, Willenborg C, Richter GM, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies nucleotide variants at SIGLEC5 and DEFA1A3 as risk loci for periodontitis. Hum Mol Genet 2017;26:2577–2588.

61.Freitag-Wolf S, Dommisch H, Graetz C, et al. Genome-wide exploration identifies sex-specific genetic effects of alleles upstream NPY to increase the risk of severe periodontitis in men. J Clin Periodontol 2014;41:1115–1121.

62.Hubberten M, Bochenek G, Chen H, et al. Linear isoforms of the long noncoding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 regulate the c-myc-enhancer binding factor RBMS1. Eur J Hum Genet 2019;27:80–89.

63.Calle MC, Fernandez ML. Inflammation and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2012;38:183–191.

64.Knight ET, Liu J, Seymour GJ, Faggion CM Jr, Cullinan MP. Risk factors that may modify the innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2016;71:22–51.

65.Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes: An update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:167–187.

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67.Salvi GE, Carollo-Bittel B, Lang NP. Effects of diabetes mellitus on periodontal and peri-implant conditions: update on associations and risks. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(8 Suppl):398–409.

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69.Emrich LJ, Shlossman M, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 1991;62:123–131.

70.Polak D, Shapira L. An update on the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. J Clin Periodontol 2018;45:150–166.

71.Taylor GW. Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Ann Periodontol 2001;6:99–112.

72.Chang JF, Yeh JC, Chiu YL, Liou JC, Hsiung JR, Tung TH. Periodontal pocket depth, hyperglycemia, and progression of chronic kidney disease: a population-based longitudinal study. Am J Med 2017;130:61–69.e1.

73.Gokhale NH, Acharya AB, Patil VS, Trivedi DJ, Setty S, Thakur SL. Resistin levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 2014;85:610–617.

74.Longo PL, Artese HP, Rabelo MS, et al. Serum levels of inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2014;22:103–108.

75.Schenkein HA, Loos BG. Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases. J Periodontol 2013;84(4 Suppl):S51–S69.

76.Reyes L, Herrera D, Kozarov E, Roldán S, Progulske-Fox A. Periodontal bacterial invasion and infection: contribution to atherosclerotic pathology. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(Suppl 14):S30–S50.

77.Kocher T, König J, Borgnakke WS, Pink C, Meisel P. Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge. Periodontol 2000 2018;78:59–97.

78.Abrao L, Chagas JK, Schmid H. Periodontal disease and risk for neuropathic foot ulceration in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;90:34–39.

79.Noma H, Sakamoto I, Mochizuki H, et al. Relationship between periodontal disease and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2004;27:615.

80.Saremi A, Nelson RG, Tulloch-Reid M, et al. Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:27–32.

81.Southerland JH, Moss K, Taylor GW, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes associations with measures of atherosclerosis and CHD. Atherosclerosis 2012;222:196–201.

82.Thorstensson H, Kuylenstierna J, Hugoson A. Medical status and complications in relation to periodontal disease experience in insulin-dependent diabetics. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23(3 Pt 1):194–202.

83.Tonett MS, Van Dyke TE; working group 1 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. J Periodontol 2013;84(4 Suppl):S24–S29.

84.Dietrich T, Sharma P, Walter C, Weston P, Beck J. The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(Suppl 14):S70–S84.

85.Blaizot A, Vergnes JN, Nuwwareh S, Amar J, Sixou M. Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis of observational studies. Int Dent J 2009;59:197–209.

86.Armingohar Z, Jørgensen JJ, Kristoffersen AK, Abesha-Belay E, Olsen I. Bacteria and bacterial DNA in atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysmal wall biopsies from patients with and without periodontitis. J Oral Microbiol 2014;6: 10.3402/jom.v6.23408.

87.Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Felix J, Romanos G. Prevelance of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm and atherosclerotic plaques of patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013;17:719–724.

88.Koppolu P, Durvasula S, Palaparthy R, et al. Estimate of CRP and TNF-alpha level before and after periodontal therapy in cardiovascular disease patients. Pan Afr Med J 2013;15:92.

89.Lopez NJ, Quintero A, Casanova PA, Ibieta CI, Baelum V, López R. Effects of periodontal therapy on systemic markers of inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome: a controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2012;83:267–278.

90.Patil VA, Desai MH. Effect of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein levels in patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: a clinicobiochemical study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14:233–237.

91.Ling MR, Chapple IL, Matthews JB. Neutrophil superoxide release and plasma C-reactive protein levels pre- and post-periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2016;43:652–658.

92.Noack B, Genco RJ, Trevisan M, Grossi S, Zambon JJ, De Nardin E. Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level. J Periodontol 2001;72:1221–1227.

93.Loos BG. Systemic markers of inflammation in periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005;76(11 Suppl):2106–2115.

94.Loos BG, Craandijk J, Hoek FJ, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van der Velden U. Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:1528–1534.

95.Ebersole JL. Humoral immune responses in gingival crevice fluid: local and systemic implications. Periodontol 2000 2003;31:135–166.

96.Ebersole JL, Cappelli D, Mathys EC, et al. Periodontitis in humans and non-human primates: oral-systemic linkage inducing acute phase proteins. Ann Periodontol 2002;7:102–111.

97.Allen EM, Matthews JB, O’Halloran DJ, Griffiths HR, Chapple IL. Oxidative and inflammatory status in Type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2011;38:894–901.