Philip Seib - Information at War

1 Cover

2 Title Page Information at War Journalism, Disinformation, and Modern Warfare Philip Seib polity

3 Copyright Page

4 Epigraph

5 Preface and Acknowledgments

6 Introduction Notes

7 1 Living-Room Wars Murrow in London The Early Stages of the Vietnam War: John F. Kennedy and “Managing Information Lyndon Johnson’s War, Television’s War Tet Notes

8 2 Competing for Information Control Falklands War 1982 Gulf War 1990–1991 Information Channels as Wartime Diplomatic Tools Embedded War The 2011 Arab Uprisings Syria Notes

9 3 War Information Expands “Never Again” Information Challenges in Bosnia Myanmar Journalism of Attachment Information from War-Zone Occupants Crowd-Sourced Information Women’s Stories and Women’s Storytelling Fleeing War: Refugees and Information What Has Changed? Notes

10 4 Social Media Go to War Merging Old and New: Photography at War Terrorists’ Information Warfare On the Battlefield: Hamas versus Israel Public Diplomacy Goes to War Notes

11 5 Russia and New Dimensions of Information at War “Draw America into the War!” The Kremlin’s Cold War Information Tools and US Response Restructuring Russia’s Information Arsenal Information as 21st-Century War The Internet Research Agency “Active Measures” and the 2016 US Presidential Election The US Cyber Command Attack TargetsUkraine The Baltic States Sweden Finland Turkey Libya Notes

12 6 From Media Manipulation to Media Literacy Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates versus Qatar Information and Prolonging Conflict: Afghanistan Caring about War IoT and AI Fighting Back against Disinformation Understanding the audience and how it gets information Media literacy The news media’s role Pandemics and other medical matters Notes

13 7 Where We’ve Been, Where We’re Going The Churn Social Media Culture and Information at War Next Steps for Information in the Battle Space China Why China matters China’s “Three Warfares” Information at War Notes

14 Selected Bibliography

15 Index

16 End User License Agreement

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2 Table of Contents

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Philip Seib

polity

Copyright © Philip Seib 2021

The right of Philip Seib to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2021 by Polity Press

Polity Press

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Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK

Polity Press

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Medford, MA 02155, USA

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4856-9

ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4857-6 (pb)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Seib, Philip M., 1949- author.

Title: Information at war : journalism, disinformation, and modern warfare / Philip Seib.

Description: Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA : : Polity Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “A smart, wide-ranging introduction to the role of information in warfare from WWI to Russiagate”-- Provided by publisher.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020047011 (print) | LCCN 2020047012 (ebook) | ISBN 9781509548569 (hardback) | ISBN 9781509548576 (paperback) | ISBN 9781509548583 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Mass media and war. | War in mass media. | Information warfare. | War--Press coverage. | Disinformation. | Propaganda--Technological innovations.

Classification: LCC P96.W35 S45 2021 (print) | LCC P96.W35 (ebook) | DDC 070.4/333--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047011

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047012

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The publisher has used its best endeavors to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.

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A great part of the information obtained in war is contradictory, a still greater part is false, and by far the greatest part is of doubtful character.