Communicating Science in Times of Crisis

Edited by H. Dan O’Hair and Mary John O’Hair University of Kentucky

This edition first published 2021 © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: O’Hair, Dan, editor. | O’Hair, Mary John, editor.

Title: Communicating science in times of crisis / edited by H. Dan O’Hair, Mary John O’Hair. Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2020058501 (print) | LCCN 2020058502 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119751779 (paperback) |

ISBN 9781119751786 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119751793 (epub) | ISBN 9781119751809 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Communication in science. | Truthfulness and falsehood. | Denialism. Classification: LCC Q223 .C65439 2021 (print) | LCC Q223 (ebook) | DDC 501/.4--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020058501 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020058502

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1 Cover

2 Title page Communicating Science in Times of Crisis The COVID-19 Pandemic Edited by H. Dan O’Hair and Mary John O’Hair University of Kentucky

3 Copyright

4 List of Contributors

5 Part 1: Conceptualizing Communication Science and COVID-19 Chapter 1: Managing Science Communication in a Pandemic Chapter 2: Comprehending Covidiocy Communication: Dismisinformation, Conspiracy Theory, and Fake News Chapter 3: How Existential Anxiety Shapes Communication in Coping with the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Terror Management Theory Perspective

6 Part 2 Promoting Health and Well-being Chapter 4: Communication and COVID-19: Challenges in Evidence-based Healthcare Design Chapter 5: Identity and Information Overload: Examining the Impact of Health Messaging in Times of Crisis Chapter 6: Social Media, Risk Perceptions Related to COVID-19, and Health Outcomes Chapter 7: Overcoming Obstacles to Collective Action by Communicating Compassion in Science Chapter 8: Communicating the Science of COVID-19 to Children: Meet the Helpers Chapter 9: The Use of Telehealth in Behavioral Health and Educational Contexts During COVID-19 and Beyond

7 Part 3 Advancing Models of Information and Media Chapter 10: Toward a New Model of Public Relations Crisis and Risk Communication Following Pandemics Chapter 11: Perspective Change in a Time of Crisis: The Emotion and Critical Reflection Model Chapter 12: Social Media Surveillance and (Dis)Misinformation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Chapter 13: Science Communication and Inoculation: Mitigating the Effects of the Coronavirus Outbreak

8 Part 4 Examining Policy and Leadership Chapter 14: Communicating with Policymakers in a Pandemic Chapter 15: Equally Unpleasant Choices: Observations on School Leadership in a Time of Crisis Chapter 16: Controlling the Narrative: Mixed Messages and Presidential Credibility Chapter 17: Communicating Death and Dying in the COVID-19 Pandemic

9 Index

10 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 GHS index.

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Illustrative conceptual definitions of... Table 2.2 Truthful but misleading claim typology. Table 2.3 A typology of fake news definitions. Table 2.4 Dimensions of information disorder....

3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 COVID-19’s impact on technology use...Table 4.2 Application of RPA framework communication....

4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Appeals to collective efficacy in meet....

5 Chapter 12Tables 12.1 Exemplary myths and conspiracy theories...

6 Chapter 14Table 14.1 The process and the obstacle.

7 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Functions of disaster incidence,...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Scientists and science.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Google nGram of pseudoscience, conspiracy theory, and... Figure 2.2 Venn diagram typology of Mis-/Dis-/Mal-Information... Figure 2.3 Quadrant typology of deception forms... Figure 2.4 Deceptive intention spectrum of information... Figure 2.5 Contextual typology of misinformation...

3 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Risk perception attitude framework.... Figure 4.2 Hierarchy of controls applied to COVID-19...Figure 4.3 Critical to quality design features of the...

4 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Anticipatory Model of Crisis Management (AMCM)...Figure 10.2 The B.A.S.I.C. model. Source: Based on Michaelson...Figure 10.3 Crisis planning and preparedness pyramid...Figure 10.4 The crisis morphing model.

5 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Emotion and Critical Reflection....Figure 11.2 Study 1 serial mediation analysis....Figure 11.3 Study 2 serial mediation analysis....