Kenneth S. Pope - Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Pope, Kenneth S., author. | Vasquez, Melba Jean Trinidad, author. | Chavez-Dueñas, Nayeli Y., author.

Title: Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling : a practical guide / Kenneth S. Pope, PhD, ABPP, Melba J. T. Vasquez, PhD, ABPP, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, PhD, Hector Y. Adames, PsyD.

Description: Sixth Edition. | Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021. | Revised edition of Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021015270 (print) | LCCN 2021015271 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119804291 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119804314 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119804307 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Counseling psychologists--Professional ethics. | Psychotherapy--Moral and ethical aspects. | Counseling psychologist and client.

Classification: LCC BF636.67 .P67 2021 (print) | LCC BF636.67 (ebook) | DDC 174/.91583--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021015270

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021015271

Cover design by Wiley

Set in 10/12.5 Electra LT Std by Integra Software Services, Pondicherry, India

For everyone who did the right thing when it was hard, took great courage, or came at great cost. And for all those—like those children taken from their families and put in cages, some of whom will never see their families again—who suffered because of our failure to do the right thing, our willingness to be passive, enabling bystanders, our shrugging and turning away.

And for Karen Olio, the wondrous love of my life.

—Ken Pope

To all those mentors and ancestors upon whose shoulders I stand, many known and many more unknown; to colleagues, friends, clients, and students, from whom I continue to learn; to my extended family, especially my parents, Ofelia Vasquez-Philo and Joe Vasquez, Jr. who motivated not only their family members but others to pursue education and to engage in social justice advocacy; and especially to my spouse and best friend, Jim H. Miller, who has provided the most significant encouragement in my life.

—Melba J. T. Vasquez

To Black and Indigenous people who believe that a better world is possible and continue to fight for it. To Immigrants whose dreams and hopes cross borders and transform this land. Para mi mamá Delfina Chavez-Dueñas y mi familia inmigrante de quien aprendí a luchar, trabajar duro, y seguir adelante a pesar de la adversidad. Para ti Itzael, el regalo mas grande que me mandaron los dioses para hacerme sonreír.

—Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas

To all those who live their truth in the midst of suffering and oppression.

To those committed to the lives and liberation of Black people.

To my mami, papi, mama, and chosen family … ustedes son mi todo.

—Hector Y. Adames

1 Cover ñ

2 Series page

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Dedication

6 The Authors

7 Preface

8 Acknowledgements

9 PART I: FOUNDATIONS Chapter 1: Helping Without Hurting Chapter 2: Ethics in Real Life Chapter 3: Ethics Theories and Codes Chapter 4: Dignity and Respect Chapter 5: Trust, Power, Caring, and Healing Chapter 6: Competence, Humility, and the Human Therapist Chapter 7: Culture, Context, and Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling Chapter 8: Steps in Ethical Decision-Making Chapter 9: Moral Distress and Moral Courage

10 PART II: COMMON SOURCES OF PROBLEMS Chapter 10: Ethics, Science, and Pseudoscience Chapter 11: Ethical Fallacies Chapter 12: Pitfalls in Ethical Judgment Chapter 13: Language and Ethics Chapter 14: Ethics Placebos, Rationalizations, and Excuses

11 PART III: SPECIAL TOPICS Chapter 15: Beginnings and Endings, Absence and Access Chapter 16: Informed Consent and Informed Refusal Chapter 17: Creating and Using Strategies for Self-Care Chapter 18: Creating a Professional Will Chapter 19: Responding to Ethics, Licensing, or Malpractice Complaints Chapter 20: Assessment, Testing, and Diagnosis Chapter 21: Confidentiality Chapter 22: Recognizing, Assessing, and Responding to Suicidal Risk Chapter 23: Supporting Human Rights and Addressing Oppression in Psychotherapy Chapter 24: Therapists in a Virtual World: Teletherapy, Electronic Records, and Social Media Chapter 25: Sexual Attraction to Patients, Therapist Vulnerabilities, and Sexual Relationships with Patients Chapter 26: Nonsexual Multiple Relationships and Other Boundary Crossings: The Therapeutic, the Harmful, the Risky, and the Inevitable Chapter 27: Steps to Strengthen Ethics in Organizations: Research Findings, Ethics Placebos, and What Works

12 References

13 About the Authors

14 Author Index

15 Subject Index

16 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. The Deep and Surface Levels of Culture Model.

2 Chapter 23Figure 23.1. Socialization and Oppression in Psychotherapy (SOP) Framework.

1 Chapter 3 Table 3.1. Ethical Problems Reported by a National Sample of APA Members.

2 Chapter 6 Table 6.1. Percentages of Intense Emotions and Other Reactions in Therapy. Table 6.2. Percentages of Male and Female Therapists Reporting Having Been Abused. Table 6.3. Therapists’ Experiences as Therapy Patients.

3 Chapter 20Table 20.1. Helms’ Assessment Equivalence Assumptions.

4 Chapter 23Table 23.1. Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists…

5 Chapter 25Table 25.1. Characteristics of 958 Patients Who Had Been Sexually Involve…Table 25.2. Reasons Therapists Offer for Refraining from Sexual Involveme…Table 25.3. Characteristics of Clients to Whom Therapists Are Attracted.Table 25.4. Ten Common Therapists’ Reactions to Victims of Therapis…

1 Cover ñ

2 Critical Praise for Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Series Page

6 Table of Contents

7 The Authors

8 Preface

9 Acknowledgements

10 Begin Reading

11 References

12 About the Authors

13 Author Index

14 Subject Index

15 End User License Agreement

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