Robert E. Blankenship - Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis

7 Appendix 1Table A1.1 Free energies of formation of some chemical compounds important in...Table A1.2 Midpoint redox potentials for reactions of interest in photosynthe...Table A1.3 Excited‐state redox potentials and excitation energies.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Solar irradiance spectra and absorption spectra of photosynthetic... Figure 1.2 Exploding diagram of the photosynthetic apparatus of a typical hi... Figure 1.3 (a) Schematic diagram illustrating the concept of antennas in pho... Figure 1.4 (a) General electron transfer scheme in photosynthetic reaction c... Figure 1.5 Schematic diagram of the noncyclic electron transfer pathway foun...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Small subunit rRNA phylogenetic tree of Life, with division into ... Figure 2.2 Photosynthetic machinery and electron transport of photosynthetic... Figure 2.3 Thin section transmission electron micrograph of the purple bacte... Figure 2.4 Thin section transmission electron micrograph of the cyanobacteri... Figure 2.5 Electron micrograph of chloroplast from tobacco. Figure 2.6 Schematic diagram of a chloroplast, showing the inner and outer e... Figure 2.7 Electron microscopic tomographic surface representation of the th...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Joseph Priestley and the discovery of oxygen. Figure 3.2 Emerson and Arnold's experiment establishing a light stage and a ... Figure 3.3 Emerson and Arnold's experiment establishing the light saturation... Figure 3.4 Absorption spectrum of chloroplasts (dashed line) and action spec... Figure 3.5 Antagonistic effects on cytochrome oxidation. Irradiation with th... Figure 3.6 Hill and Bendall's (1960) original formulation of the Z scheme fo...

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Numbering schemes for chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Chlo... Figure 4.2 Space filling model of chlorophyll a . Carbon is shown as black, h... Figure 4.3 Chemical structures of chlorophylls a, b, c, d, and f . R 1, R 2, et... Figure 4.4 Chemical structures of bacteriochlorophylls a, b, c, d, e, f, and... Figure 4.5 Chemical structures of pheophytin a and bacteriopheophytin a . Figure 4.6 Outline of chlorophyll a biosynthesis from glutamate. The enzymes... Figure 4.7 Absorption spectrum and simplified energy level diagram for chlor... Figure 4.8 Absorption (left) and fluorescence (right) spectra of (a) chlorop... Figure 4.9 Molecular orbital energy level diagram of porphyrin, chlorin, and... Figure 4.10 Schematic orbital energy diagram for a Znchlorin, illustrated by... Figure 4.11 Structures of several carotenoids and carotenoid precursors impo... Figure 4.12 Energy Level diagram typical of carotenoids. Figure 4.13 Structures of two of the most common bilins: phycocyanobilin and...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 One‐dimensional and three‐dimensional antenna organization models...Figure 5.2 Target model of photon absorption. The molecule presents an effec...Figure 5.3 The funnel concept in photosynthetic antennas. Sequential excitat...Figure 5.4 Energy transfer efficiency from fluorescence excitation measureme...Figure 5.5 Measurement of energy transfer efficiency in whole cells of the g...Figure 5.6 Schematic picture of the overlap factor J in the Förster theory. ...Figure 5.7 (a) Energy level diagram of a monomer and an exciton‐split dimer....Figure 5.8 Structure of the LH2 complex in Rhodopseudomonas acidophila . (a) ...Figure 5.9 Absorption spectra of LH1 plus reaction center and LH2 antenna co...Figure 5.10 Architecture of LH1–RC from Tch. tepidum at a resolution of 1.9 ...Figure 5.11 Structure of the photosynthetic membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroi ...Figure 5.12 Schematic picture of energy transfer kinetics and pathways in th...Figure 5.13 Structure of the LHCII antenna complex of pea. The monomeric com...Figure 5.14 (Panel a) Schematic model of phycobilisome structure.Surface...Figure 5.15 Structure of the phycobilisome from the red alga Porphyridium pu ...Figure 5.16 Structure of C‐phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Thermosynecho ...Figure 5.17 Structure of the peridinin–chlorophyll protein from the dinoflag...Figure 5.18 Schematic models of chlorosomes from (a) filamentous anoxygenic ...Figure 5.19 Structure of the trimeric Fenna–Matthews–Olson protein from Pros ...Figure 5.20 Movement of LHCII during state transitions. LHCII phosphorylatio...Figure 5.21 The xanthophyll cycle. Epoxidase and de‐epoxidase enzymes interc...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Schematic model of a purple bacterial chromatophore from Rhodobac ...Figure 6.2 Structure of the LMHC reaction center complex from Blastochloris ...Figure 6.3 Energy‐kinetic diagram describing the energetics and reaction tim...Figure 6.4 Potential energy diagrams for electron transfer reactions accordi...Figure 6.5 (a) Structures of quinones found in various photosynthetic reacti...Figure 6.6 The quinone reaction cycle in bacterial reaction centers. Q Bis r...Figure 6.7 Pathway of H +uptake in Rhodobacter sphaeroides . The solid line i...Figure 6.8 (a) Absorption spectrum of oxidized (dashed line) and reduced (so...Figure 6.9 Structure of cytochrome c 2from Rhodobacter sphaeroides . The axia...Figure 6.10 Structure of the cytochrome bc 1complex from Rhodobacter sphaero ...Figure 6.11 Schematic structure of the cytochrome bc 1complex from purple ba...Figure 6.12 Structure of the Fe–S cofactors in various Fe–S proteins. Top: 2...Figure 6.13 Alternate pathways for electron flow in purple photosynthetic ba...Figure 6.14 Pathway of electron transfer in the filamentous anoxygenic bacte...Figure 6.15 Structure of the reaction center and alternative complex III fro...Figure 6.16 Cryo‐EM structure of the homodimeric green sulfur bacterial reac...Figure 6.17 Structure of the homodimeric photosystem from Heliobacterium mod ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Lateral heterogeneity of protein complexes in stacked and unstack...Figure 7.2 The overall architecture of the C 2S 2M 2L 2and C 2S 2PSII–LHCII supe...Figure 7.3 Structure of Photosystem II from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Figure 7.4 Structure of the cofactors in the Photosystem II reaction center ...Figure 7.5 (a) Pattern of oxygen evolution in flashing Light. (b) Kok S stat...Figure 7.6 Structure of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC), as determined by ...Figure 7.7 Two proposed mechanisms for the formation of O 2from the state S 4Figure 7.8 Structure of the dimeric cytochrome b 6 f complex from the cyanobac...Figure 7.9 Structure of plastocyanin from poplar. The Cu ion and its ligands...Figure 7.10 Structure of Photosystem I reaction center complex from the ther...Figure 7.11 Structural model of the pathway for light‐induced electron trans...Figure 7.12 Structure of monomeric Photosystem I from pea. Left. View from t...Figure 7.13 Energy‐kinetic diagram of photochemistry and early electron tran...Figure 7.14 The structure of NADP. The redox changes are localized to the ni...Figure 7.15 Structure of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the cofactor for...Figure 7.16 Structure of a complex between ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin‐NA...Figure 7.17 Roles of reduced ferredoxin (Fd) in various cellular processes. ...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Chemical structure of ATP. The structures of ADP and AMP are shor...Figure 8.2 Acid–base phosphorylation experiment carried out by Jagendorf and...Figure 8.3 Schematic picture of a membrane‐enclosed vesicle and the proton m...Figure 8.4 Structure of the chloroplast ATP synthase enzyme. Subunits α and ...Figure 8.5 Structure of the F oportion of the F 1F oATP synthase enzyme from ...Figure 8.6 Experiment demonstrating that the ATPase is a rotary motor. The FFigure 8.7 Binding change mechanism of ATP synthesis proposed by Boyer. The ...Figure 8.8 Proposed pathway of proton translocation through the F oportion o...