Dan Binkley - Forest Ecology

13 Chapter 12FIGURE 12.1 Archeological relocation of ancient Roman settlements showed le...FIGURE 12.2 Almost all forests fall into the category of unplanted, unmanag...FIGURE 12.3 Forests around the world have a wide range of costs and values, ...FIGURE 12.4 A spectrum of management intensity leads to very different fore...FIGURE 12.5 Intensively managed tree farms, such as clonal eucalyptus planta...FIGURE 12.6 The productivity of acacia more than doubled across four rotatio...FIGURE 12.7 Growth rates of eucalyptus across a large area of southern Brazi...FIGURE 12.8 The harvest that precedes a rotation can have a legacy on growth...FIGURE 12.9 Understory vegetation is typically very important in managed ro...FIGURE 12.10 Continuous cover forestry entails harvesting of single trees, o...FIGURE 12.11 A computer visualization of a continuous‐cover forest, viewed ...FIGURE 12.12 Forests that developed without direct management may have very ...FIGURE 12.13 After clearcutting of an old‐growth forest in Oregon, USA, the...FIGURE 12.14 Experiments in variable retention silviculture on Vancouver Isl...FIGURE 12.15 Understory responses to variable retention treatments in the MA...FIGURE 12.16 Variable retention treatments across four sitesshowed stro...FIGURE 12.17 Harvesting 50‐year‐old managed forests of Douglas‐fir in the no...FIGURE 12.18 Most logging is done by machines that cut trees, and sometimes ...FIGURE 12.19 The risks from wind generally increase after forest harvesting ...FIGURE 12.20 Severe fires in 1939 burned unmanaged forests across New South...FIGURE 12.21 Rates of harvest increased in Sweden in the past 25 years, lead...FIGURE 12.22 The unmanaged forest on the left has trees of a variety of age...

14 Chapter 13FIGURE 13.1 A panoramic photo set was taken from a sycamore tree in 1939, l...FIGURE 13.2 90% or more of known extinctions of mammals and birds resulted f...FIGURE 13.3 These western hemlock and Douglas‐fir trees are over 400 years ...FIGURE 13.4 The population of elk was held low in the mid‐1900s through hunt...FIGURE 13.5 A lithograph was made of the view from Mount Trumbull in Arizona...FIGURE 13.6 A century of change in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, USA, ...FIGURE 13.7 The historical forest composition and structure in northern Wisc...FIGURE 13.8 Historical composition and structure can be examined based on c...FIGURE 13.9 A broadleaved forest in New Hampshire, USA had all trees cut an...FIGURE 13.10 A young reestablished forest was cleared at this site near Pem...FIGURE 13.11 An experiment that mixed 20 native species (fast‐growing, slow‐...FIGURE 13.12 The cost of reestablishing native tree species might be reduce...FIGURE 13.13 These soils are 25 m apart in the Duke Forest in North Carolina...FIGURE 13.14 A greenhouse experiment demonstrated that acacia seedlings bar...FIGURE 13.15 A large fire in Arizona, USA (Rodeo‐Chediski) burned more sever...FIGURE 13.16 A 50‐year‐old plantation of Douglas‐fir (with some western hem...FIGURE 13.17 A restoration treatment of this ponderosa pine forest in northe...

15 Chapter 14FIGURE 14.1 The forests of the eastern United States since 1980 experienced...FIGURE 14.2 Across North America, annual mortality rates increased from nea...FIGURE 14.3 Henry David Thoreau recorded the timing of flower blooming and ...FIGURE 14.4 A MAXENT analysis of sites in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA...FIGURE 14.5 Regions of the USA have up to several hundred invasive (non‐na...FIGURE 14.6 Forests in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA with high cover of...FIGURE 14.7 The falcataria trees in the upper picture were more than 40 m t...FIGURE 14.8 The pictures show the invasion of lodgepole pine (from North A...FIGURE 14.9 Before the introduction of parasitoid flies, invasive winter mo...FIGURE 14.10 The importance of provenance (the geographic location of seed ...FIGURE 14.11 The patterns of 13C isotopes in tree rings from over 400 fores...FIGURE 14.12 A strong, three‐year drought in the Coweeta forest led to wides...FIGURE 14.13 A much greater percentage of small tulip poplar trees died fro...FIGURE 14.14 Mortality was higher for taller trees with drought in Califor...FIGURE 14.15 The extent of forest fires in the USA more than doubled after ...FIGURE 14.16 A shift to a warmer, drier climate with more frequent drought...FIGURE 14.17 A random exercise illustrates how shortening the period betwe...FIGURE 14.18 An aspen/conifer forest was harvested to promote development o...FIGURE 14.19 The core framework that applies to all forests, across space ...FIGURE 14.20 What insights, meanings, and beauty will you quilt together f...

1 Cover Page

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 Dedication Page

5 Preface

6 Acknowledgements

7 Table of Contents

8 Begin Reading

9 References

10 Index

11 Wiley End User License Agreement

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