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SCIENCES

Geoscience , Field Director – Yves Lagabrielle Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Interactions , Subject Head – René Maury

Coordinated by

Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë

First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd

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UK

www.iste.co.uk

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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USA

www.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2021

The rights of Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2021934743

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-78945-015-6

ERC code:

PE10 Earth System Science

PE10_5 Geology, tectonics, volcanology

PE10_13 Physical geography

PE10_18 Cryosphere, dynamics of snow and ice cover, sea ice, permafrosts and ice sheets